Question 1

Which of the following genotypes corresponds to the universal donor blood type in humans?

Accepted Answer

ii

Question 2

A woman with blood type AB and a man with blood type O have a child. What is the expected phenotypic ratio of their offspring's blood types?

Accepted Answer

1 A : 1 B

Question 3

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing mRNA from a DNA template during transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA polymerase

Question 4

Given the DNA template strand 5'-ATGCGT-3', what is the sequence of the transcribed mRNA?

Accepted Answer

3'-UACGCA-5'

Question 5

How many different amino acids are encoded by the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

20

Question 6

Which structure is responsible for translating mRNA into a polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 7

If a parent with genotype IAi mates with a parent with genotype IBi, what is the probability that their child will have blood type O?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 8

What is a codon?

Accepted Answer

A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that codes for a specific amino acid

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the difference between the DNA template and coding strands?

Accepted Answer

The template strand is used to synthesize mRNA, while the coding strand has the same sequence as mRNA (except T is replaced by U)

Question 10

How does the ribosome know where to start translating the mRNA message?

Accepted Answer

It starts at the AUG start codon

Question 11

Which blood type is considered the universal recipient, and why?

Accepted Answer

Type AB, because it has no anti-A or anti-B antibodies

Question 12

A cross between two heterozygous individuals (Aa x Aa) for a single gene results in which genotypic ratio in the offspring?

Accepted Answer

1 AA : 2 Aa : 1 aa

Question 13

If the mRNA sequence is 5'-AUGUUUUGA-3', what is the resulting polypeptide chain?

Accepted Answer

Met-Phe-Stop

Question 14

Which of the following is true about antibodies produced by individuals with blood type B?

Accepted Answer

They produce anti-A antibodies

Question 15

What is the function of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

It determines the sequence of amino acids in a protein based on mRNA codons

Question 16

Which of the following codons signals the termination of translation?

Accepted Answer

UAA

Question 17

A man with genotype IAIB and a woman with genotype ii have children. What are the possible blood types of their offspring?

Accepted Answer

A, B

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the orientation of the mRNA strand synthesized from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

It is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction

Question 19

If a child inherits the genotype IBi from their parents, what is their blood type?

Accepted Answer

Type B

Genetics: Punnett Squares, Blood Types, and the Central Dogma

Study Guide - Practice Questions