Question 1

Which of the following best defines genomics?

Accepted Answer

The study of the structure, function, evolution, and mapping of genomes.

Question 2

What was one major discovery from the Human Genome Project?

Accepted Answer

Humans have fewer protein-coding genes than previously expected.

Question 3

How can DNA sequence comparisons provide evidence for common ancestry?

Accepted Answer

Closely related species have more similar DNA sequences.

Question 4

Which of the following is a fundamental molecular feature shared by all domains of life?

Accepted Answer

The use of DNA as the genetic material.

Question 5

Which process is shared by all living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Replication of genetic material.

Question 6

A scientist finds that two species share 98% of their amino acid sequences for a particular protein. What does this suggest?

Accepted Answer

They share a recent common ancestor.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT evidence for the relatedness of all life on Earth?

Accepted Answer

Different organisms use different genetic codes.

Question 8

How do geological data provide evidence for evolution?

Accepted Answer

Fossil records show changes in organisms over time.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes a structural feature that provides evidence for relatedness among species?

Accepted Answer

Homologous structures, such as the forelimbs of mammals.

Question 10

A researcher compares the cytochrome c protein sequence in humans and chimpanzees and finds only one amino acid difference. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

Humans and chimpanzees are closely related evolutionarily.

Question 11

Which of the following is a biochemical process shared by all living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 12

Which statement best explains why ribosomes are considered evidence for common ancestry?

Accepted Answer

All living organisms use ribosomes to synthesize proteins.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of morphological evidence for evolution?

Accepted Answer

Similar bone structures in the limbs of whales and bats.

Question 14

Which of the following equations represents the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$DNA \rightarrow RNA \rightarrow Protein$$

Question 15

A fossil is found in a rock layer estimated to be 200 million years old. What does this suggest about the organism?

Accepted Answer

The organism lived approximately 200 million years ago.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

It is nearly universal among all living organisms.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a gene?

Accepted Answer

A segment of DNA that codes for a protein.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world application of genomics?

Accepted Answer

Identifying genetic mutations responsible for inherited diseases.

Question 19

Which of the following is a structural feature found in all cells?

Accepted Answer

Cell membrane

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why amino acid sequence comparisons are useful in evolutionary biology?

Accepted Answer

They reveal similarities and differences that reflect evolutionary relationships.

Genomics, Evidence of Evolution, and Common Ancestry

Study Guide - Practice Questions