Question 1

Which of the following best describes the primary function of mitosis in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

To generate genetically identical cells for growth and tissue repair

Question 2

During which phase of mitosis do chromosomes align along the center of the cell, and what is this region called?

Accepted Answer

Metaphase; metaphase plate

Question 3

Meiosis occurs in which type of cells and serves what main function?

Accepted Answer

Gamete-producing cells; reduction of chromosome number for sexual reproduction

Question 4

Which event is unique to prophase I of meiosis and does NOT occur in mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Question 5

If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis II, what is the most likely result in the gametes?

Accepted Answer

Two gametes will be normal, one will have an extra chromosome, and one will be missing one

Question 6

Which of the following correctly compares metaphase of mitosis, metaphase I, and metaphase II of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Only in metaphase I do homologous chromosomes line up as pairs; in mitosis and metaphase II, individual chromosomes align.

Question 7

Gregor Mendel is known as the father of genetics. Which organism did he use for his foundational experiments?

Accepted Answer

Garden peas (Pisum sativum)

Question 8

In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals (AaBb x AaBb), what is the expected phenotypic ratio among the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 9

A woman with genotype $$X^N X^n ($$where $$X^N is $$normal and $$X^n is an X-$$linked recessive allele) and a man with genotype $$X^n Y$$ have a child. What is the probability that their son will express the recessive trait?

Accepted Answer

$$0.25$$

Question 10

Why are X-linked recessive traits more commonly expressed in men than in women?

Accepted Answer

Men have only one X chromosome, so a single recessive allele will be expressed.

Question 11

Which enzyme is primarily responsible for adding new nucleotides during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 12

Given the DNA sequence $$5'	ext{-}CGGTAC	ext{-}3'$$, what is the complementary DNA strand?

Accepted Answer

$$3'	ext{-}GCCATG	ext{-}5'$$

Question 13

Transcribe the following DNA sequence into its complementary RNA strand: $$5'	ext{-}ATGCCG	ext{-}3'$$

Accepted Answer

$$3'	ext{-}UACGGC	ext{-}5'$$

Question 14

Given the mRNA sequence $$5'	ext{-}AUGGCCUAA	ext{-}3'$$, use a codon chart to determine the correct sequence of amino acids.

Accepted Answer

Methionine - Alanine - Stop

Question 15

A cell with 8 chromosomes undergoes mitosis. How many chromosomes will each daughter cell have after cytokinesis?

Accepted Answer

8

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why crossing over during meiosis is important for evolution?

Accepted Answer

It increases genetic variation among offspring.

Question 17

A man with blood type AB and a woman with blood type O have a child. What are the possible blood types of their child?

Accepted Answer

A or B

Question 18

If a cell fails to separate its sister chromatids during anaphase II of meiosis, what is the likely outcome for the resulting gametes?

Accepted Answer

Some gametes will have an extra chromosome, and some will have one less.

Question 19

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the use of a Punnett square in predicting genetic outcomes?

Accepted Answer

Determining the probability of a child inheriting cystic fibrosis from two carrier parents

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during the cell cycle leading to mitosis?

Accepted Answer

G1 phase → S phase → G2 phase → M phase

Guided Study: Cell Division, Genetics, and Molecular Biology Concepts

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