Q: A population of 200 cats has the following genotypes: 60 T"+"T"+", 40 T"+"T"s", and 100 T"s"T"s". What is the frequency of the T"+" allele?

$$f(T^+) = \frac{(2 \times 60) + 40}{2 \times 200} = 0.32$$

Q: In a population of 300 wolves, there are 40 F"B"F"B", 40 F"B"F"W", and 220 F"W"F"W" individuals. What is the frequency of the F"B" allele?

$$f(F^B) = \frac{(2 \times 40) + 40}{2 \times 300} = 0.2$$

Q: A population of 200 cats has 60 T"+"T"+", 40 T"+"T"s", and 100 T"s"T"s" individuals. What is the expected frequency of the T"+"T"s" genotype under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium if $$p = 0.32$$ and $$q = 0.68$$?

$$2pq = 2 \times 0.32 \times 0.68 = 0.4352$$

Q: A population of 300 wolves has 40 F"B"F"B", 40 F"B"F"W", and 220 F"W"F"W" individuals. What is the expected number of F"B"F"W" individuals under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium if $$p = 0.2$$ and $$q = 0.8$$?

$$2pq \times 300 = 2 \times 0.2 \times 0.8 \times 300 = 96$$

Question 1

Which of the following is NOT an assumption of the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Population size is very small

Question 2

A population of 200 cats has the following genotypes: 60 T"+"T"+", 40 T"+"T"s", and 100 T"s"T"s". What is the frequency of the T"+" allele?

Accepted Answer

$$f(T^+) = \frac{(2 	imes 60) + 40}{2 	imes 200} = 0.32$$

Question 3

Which evolutionary process is most likely to reduce genetic diversity in a population due to random chance, especially in small populations?

Accepted Answer

Genetic drift

Question 4

A natural disaster drastically reduces the size of a population, leaving only a few survivors. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Bottleneck effect

Question 5

Which of the following best describes gene flow?

Accepted Answer

Movement of alleles into or out of a population due to migration

Question 6

In a population of 300 wolves, there are 40 F"B"F"B", 40 F"B"F"W", and 220 F"W"F"W" individuals. What is the frequency of the F"B" allele?

Accepted Answer

$$f(F^B) = \frac{(2 	imes 40) + 40}{2 	imes 300} = 0.2$$

Question 7

Which scenario best illustrates the founder effect?

Accepted Answer

A few individuals from a mainland population colonize an island, and their descendants have different allele frequencies than the original population.

Question 8

Which of the following is a likely consequence of extensive gene flow between two populations?

Accepted Answer

Homogenization of allele frequencies between populations

Question 9

Which process is the ultimate source of genetic variation in populations?

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Question 10

If a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, which of the following must be true?

Accepted Answer

No evolution is occurring

Question 11

Which of the following best describes prezygotic isolation?

Accepted Answer

Individuals of different species are prevented from mating

Question 12

A population of 200 cats has 60 T"+"T"+", 40 T"+"T"s", and 100 T"s"T"s" individuals. What is the expected frequency of the T"+"T"s" genotype under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium if $$p = 0.32$$ and $$q = 0.68$$?

Accepted Answer

$$2pq = 2 	imes 0.32 	imes 0.68 = 0.4352$$

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a mechanism that can lead to speciation?

Accepted Answer

Gene flow between populations

Question 14

Which species concept defines a species as a group of organisms that are reproductively isolated from other such groups?

Accepted Answer

Biological species concept

Question 15

Which of the following is an example of postzygotic isolation?

Accepted Answer

Two species of frogs mate, but their hybrid offspring are sterile

Question 16

Which evolutionary process is most likely to cause two populations to become more genetically similar over time?

Accepted Answer

Gene flow

Question 17

A population of 300 wolves has 40 F"B"F"B", 40 F"B"F"W", and 220 F"W"F"W" individuals. What is the expected number of F"B"F"W" individuals under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium if $$p = 0.2$$ and $$q = 0.8$$?

Accepted Answer

$$2pq 	imes 300 = 2 	imes 0.2 	imes 0.8 	imes 300 = 96$$

Question 18

Which of the following statements about mutation is correct?

Accepted Answer

Mutation is the source of new genetic variation in populations

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why genetic drift has a greater effect in small populations?

Accepted Answer

Small populations are more likely to experience random changes in allele frequencies due to sampling error

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium, Evolutionary Processes, and Speciation

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