Question 1

Which of the following best describes the overall chemical equation for cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6 \mathrm{O}_2 ightarrow 6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6 \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + 	ext{Energy (ATP + heat)}$$

Question 2

During glycolysis, what is the net gain of ATP and NADH molecules per molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

2 ATP and 2 NADH

Question 3

Which process is responsible for the majority of ATP production during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation

Question 4

What is the primary function of the Krebs cycle in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

To complete the energy-yielding oxidation of organic molecules

Question 5

Why are two turns of the Krebs cycle required for each molecule of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Each glucose molecule produces two pyruvate molecules, each entering the cycle separately

Question 6

Which of the following statements about chemiosmosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Chemiosmosis is the coupling of exergonic electron flow to ATP production via a proton gradient

Question 7

In the absence of oxygen, which process allows glycolysis to continue by regenerating NAD$$^+$$?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation

Question 8

Which of the following is a product of lactic acid fermentation?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid

Question 9

What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

It acts as the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain

Question 10

A patient’s muscle cells are deprived of oxygen during intense exercise. Which process will their cells use to continue producing ATP?

Accepted Answer

Lactic acid fermentation

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why fats yield more ATP per gram than carbohydrates during cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Fatty acids are oxidized to 2-carbon acetyl groups, which enter the Krebs cycle and generate more NADH and FADH$$_2$$

Question 12

Which step in glycolysis is regulated by an enzyme that controls the pathway and involves the second phosphorylation of glucose?

Accepted Answer

Step 3: Second phosphorylation

Question 13

How many total ATP molecules are produced from one molecule of glucose after glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain are complete (assuming aerobic respiration)?

Accepted Answer

36

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of the electron transport chain?

Accepted Answer

Directly synthesizes ATP from ADP and phosphate

Question 15

A mutation prevents the formation of the inner mitochondrial membrane folds (cristae). What is the most likely effect on cellular respiration?

Accepted Answer

Decreased ATP production due to reduced surface area for electron transport and chemiosmosis

Question 16

Which of the following best describes substrate-level phosphorylation?

Accepted Answer

Direct transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP to form ATP

Question 17

If a cell is unable to regenerate NAD$$^+$$, which process will be directly affected and eventually stop?

Accepted Answer

Glycolysis

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct summary of the energy yield from the complete aerobic breakdown of one glucose molecule?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6 \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 6 \mathrm{CO}_2 + 36 \mathrm{ATP} + 42 \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O}$$

Question 19

Which of the following statements about fermentation is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Fermentation regenerates NAD$$^+$$, allowing glycolysis to continue in the absence of oxygen

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why the electron transport chain is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Accepted Answer

The inner membrane allows for the creation of a proton gradient necessary for ATP synthesis

Harvesting Energy: Glycolysis and Cellular Respiration

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