Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between mitosis and meiosis in terms of chromosome number in the resulting cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitosis produces cells with the same chromosome number as the parent cell, while meiosis produces cells with half the chromosome number.

Question 2

A heterozygous pea plant (Yy) is crossed with a homozygous recessive plant (yy). What is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring?

Accepted Answer

1:1 (yellow:green)

Question 3

Which of the following best defines a gene?

Accepted Answer

A segment of DNA that codes for a specific protein or trait.

Question 4

If a diploid organism has $$2n = 24$$ chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be present in each gamete after meiosis?

Accepted Answer

$$12$$

Question 5

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the concept of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

A plant with round, yellow seeds produces offspring with round, yellow, wrinkled, and green seeds in various combinations.

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with type AB blood expresses both A and B antigens equally.

Question 7

What is the probability of producing a homozygous recessive offspring from a cross between two heterozygous parents ($$Aa 	imes Aa$$)?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the law of segregation?

Accepted Answer

Alleles separate during gamete formation so that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.

Question 9

A human male has an X-linked recessive disorder. What is the probability that his daughter will be a carrier if the mother is not a carrier?

Accepted Answer

0%

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why genetic variation is higher in sexually reproducing organisms compared to asexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Sexual reproduction involves crossing over and independent assortment during meiosis.

Question 11

Which of the following is true about polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

It results in a wide range of phenotypes, such as human skin color.

Question 12

A woman who is a carrier for colorblindness (an X-linked trait) marries a man with normal vision. What is the probability that their son will be colorblind?

Accepted Answer

50%

Question 13

Which of the following best describes non-disjunction?

Accepted Answer

The failure of homologous chromosomes or sister chromatids to separate properly during meiosis.

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of a monohybrid cross?

Accepted Answer

Crossing two plants that differ in one trait.

Question 15

If a plant cell has a genotype $$CcDd$$ and the genes are on different chromosomes, what are the possible gametes produced?

Accepted Answer

$$CD$$, $$Cd$$, $$cD$$, $$cd$$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the inheritance pattern of mitochondrial DNA in animals?

Accepted Answer

It is inherited only from the mother.

Question 17

A pedigree shows a trait that appears in every generation and affects both males and females equally. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the difference between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype is the genetic makeup, while phenotype is the physical appearance.

Question 19

Which of the following is a possible result of nondisjunction during meiosis in humans?

Accepted Answer

A zygote with an extra chromosome, such as in Down syndrome ($$2n+1).$$

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why males are more likely to express X-linked recessive traits?

Accepted Answer

Males have only one X chromosome, so a single recessive allele will be expressed.

Heredity: Meiosis, Mendelian Genetics, and Chromosomal Inheritance

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