$$DNA \rightarrow RNA \rightarrow \text{Protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the hierarchy of biological organization from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Cell membrane, DNA, Eukaryotic cell, Multicellular organism, Biosphere

Question 2

In a phylogeny, what does a dichotomy (branch point) represent?

Accepted Answer

A speciation event where one lineage splits into two distinct species

Question 3

According to the central dogma of molecular biology, what is the correct sequence of information flow in a cell?

Accepted Answer

$$DNA ightarrow RNA ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 4

Which process occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells but in the nucleoid region of prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Question 5

What evidence from phylogeny suggests that Archaea are more closely related to Eukarya than to Bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Archaea and Eukarya share a more recent common ancestor than either does with Bacteria

Question 6

Which event in evolutionary history is illustrated by the engulfing of free-living bacteria by the common ancestor of eukaryotes?

Accepted Answer

Endosymbiosis leading to the origin of mitochondria

Question 7

If the phylogeny shows that plants diverged from their common ancestor approximately 1.8 billion years ago, which domain do plants belong to?

Accepted Answer

Eukarya

Question 8

Which of the following is an emergent property in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

The ability of multicellular organisms to perform complex functions that individual cells cannot

Question 9

Which process converts RNA into protein, and where does it occur in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Translation; in the cytoplasm

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why taxa B and C are more closely related than taxa A and B in a phylogeny?

Accepted Answer

Taxa B and C share a more recent common ancestor than taxa A and B

Question 11

Which molecule is NOT directly involved in the process of transcription?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct statement about the location of translation in prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Translation occurs in the cytoplasm

Question 13

Which of the following terms represents the highest level of biological complexity?

Accepted Answer

Biosphere

Question 14

Which process is responsible for the synthesis of RNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 15

Which of the following is a shared property of all life according to the study materials?

Accepted Answer

A hierarchical structure from microscopic to macroscopic levels

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of replication?

Accepted Answer

$$DNA \rightarrow DNA$$

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell membrane?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the evolutionary relationship between Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya?

Accepted Answer

Archaea and Eukarya share a more recent common ancestor than either does with Bacteria

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct example of a multicellular organism?

Accepted Answer

Plant

Question 20

Which process is responsible for the conversion of genetic information from DNA to RNA?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Hierarchy, Phylogeny, and Genetic Information Flow in General Biology

Study Guide - Practice Questions