Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between oogenesis and spermatogenesis in humans?

Accepted Answer

Oogenesis results in one viable egg and polar bodies, while spermatogenesis results in four viable sperm per meiotic event.

Question 2

A woman’s menstrual cycle is regulated by several hormones. Which hormone is primarily responsible for maintaining the endometrium after ovulation?

Accepted Answer

Progesterone

Question 3

A geneticist is studying a gene with two alleles, A (dominant) and a (recessive). If two heterozygous individuals (Aa) mate, what is the probability that their offspring will display the dominant phenotype?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{3}{4}$$

Question 4

Which enzyme is responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

Helicase

Question 5

A scientist wants to amplify a specific DNA segment from a crime scene sample. Which technique should they use, and what is a key component required for this process?

Accepted Answer

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR); DNA polymerase

Question 6

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates genetic drift?

Accepted Answer

A population of beetles is reduced to a few survivors after a flood, and the new population has different allele frequencies than the original.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a condition required for Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

Small population size

Question 8

A population of birds is separated by a newly formed river, and over time, the two groups evolve into distinct species. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Allopatric speciation

Question 9

Which of the following is a prezygotic barrier to reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Temporal isolation

Question 10

A population of rabbits has a birth rate of 0.08 rabbits per individual per year and a death rate of 0.03 rabbits per individual per year. What is the per capita growth rate ($$r) of $$this population?

Accepted Answer

$$r = 0.05$$

Question 11

Which survivorship curve is typical of species that produce many offspring, most of which die early in life?

Accepted Answer

Type III

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the difference between exponential and logistic population growth?

Accepted Answer

Exponential growth occurs when resources are unlimited, while logistic growth includes the effect of carrying capacity.

Question 13

In a food web, which organism would be most affected by biological magnification of toxins such as DDT?

Accepted Answer

Tertiary consumer

Question 14

Which of the following is an example of mutualism?

Accepted Answer

Bees pollinating flowers while collecting nectar

Question 15

Which of the following is a density-independent factor that can affect population size?

Accepted Answer

Flood

Question 16

A scientist observes that two species of frogs breed in the same pond, but one breeds in early spring and the other in late summer. What type of reproductive barrier is this?

Accepted Answer

Temporal isolation

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why antibiotic resistance is increasing in bacterial populations?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria mutate in response to antibiotics, and resistant individuals survive and reproduce.

Question 18

Which of the following is a characteristic of a keystone species?

Accepted Answer

Its removal causes a significant change in the structure of the community.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the mRNA codon.

Question 20

A population of fish is managed for sustainable harvest. If the population is harvested above its carrying capacity, what is the most likely long-term outcome?

Accepted Answer

The population will decline and may collapse.

Honors Biology Final Study Guide: Key Concepts and Definitions

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