Q: Given the DNA template strand $$5'\text{–}GACCTCGTAG–3'$$, what is the complementary mRNA sequence produced during transcription?

$$5'\text{–}CUGGAGCAUC–3'$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a negative feedback loop in homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

A process that counteracts the original stimulus, returning the system to its set point.

Question 2

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events during the cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

G1 phase → S phase → G2 phase → M phase

Question 3

Which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides to a growing DNA strand during replication?

Accepted Answer

DNA polymerase

Question 4

A mutation in which gene would most likely result in uncontrolled cell division and possibly cancer?

Accepted Answer

A proto-oncogene

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why DNA replication is described as 'semiconservative'?

Accepted Answer

Each new DNA molecule consists of one old strand and one new strand.

Question 6

Given the DNA template strand $$5'	ext{–}GACCTCGTAG–3'$$, what is the complementary mRNA sequence produced during transcription?

Accepted Answer

$$5'	ext{–}CUGGAGCAUC–3'$$

Question 7

Which process results in the production of four genetically unique haploid cells from one diploid cell?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the role of tRNA during translation?

Accepted Answer

It carries amino acids to the ribosome and matches them to the coded mRNA message.

Question 9

A heterozygous individual for a single gene (Aa) is crossed with a homozygous recessive individual (aa). What is the expected phenotypic ratio of the offspring?

Accepted Answer

1:1

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a positive feedback loop in biology?

Accepted Answer

Release of oxytocin during childbirth to intensify contractions

Question 11

Which of the following best explains the evolutionary advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

It increases genetic variation in the population.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes the function of mRNA?

Accepted Answer

It carries the genetic code from DNA to the ribosome for protein synthesis.

Question 13

Which of the following is a real-world example of natural selection?

Accepted Answer

A population of bacteria developing resistance to antibiotics over time.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of apoptosis in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

It is a programmed cell death that helps shape tissues and remove damaged cells.

Question 15

Which of the following is the correct order of events in protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Transcription → Translation → Protein folding

Question 16

If a population of 1,000 people has 360 individuals who are homozygous recessive for a trait, what is the frequency of the recessive allele ($$q) $$according to the Hardy-Weinberg equation?

Accepted Answer

$$q = 0.6$$

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why crossing over during meiosis increases genetic diversity?

Accepted Answer

It allows for the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes.

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the enzyme helicase during DNA replication?

Accepted Answer

It unwinds the DNA double helix.

Question 19

Which of the following best describes genetic drift?

Accepted Answer

A change in allele frequencies due to random events in small populations.

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with type AB blood expressing both A and B antigens equally.

Honors Biology: Semester 1 Cumulative Study Guide

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