Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?

Accepted Answer

Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream, while exocrine glands secrete substances into ducts that lead to body surfaces or cavities.

Question 2

A patient is given a drug that blocks all G protein-coupled receptors. Which hormone response pathway would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

The cellular response to water-soluble hormones such as epinephrine.

Question 3

Which of the following is an example of a negative feedback loop in hormone regulation?

Accepted Answer

The release of secretin in response to low pH in the duodenum, which stimulates bicarbonate release to neutralize the acid.

Question 4

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the release of glucose from liver cells during a 'fight-or-flight' response?

Accepted Answer

Epinephrine

Question 5

A mutation causes the receptors for a water-soluble hormone to be located inside the nucleus instead of on the plasma membrane. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The hormone will not be able to bind its receptor and trigger a response.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why the same hormone can produce different effects in different target cells?

Accepted Answer

Different target cells may have different receptors or different signal transduction pathways.

Question 7

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the hormone cascade pathway regulating thyroid hormone levels?

Accepted Answer

TRH → TSH → Thyroid hormone

Question 8

Which hormone is released from the posterior pituitary and is involved in water balance?

Accepted Answer

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Question 9

A patient has a tumor that causes excessive secretion of growth hormone (GH) after puberty. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Acromegaly

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the role of nitric oxide (NO) in the body?

Accepted Answer

It functions as both a local regulator and a neurotransmitter, causing vasodilation when oxygen levels are low.

Question 11

Which of the following is true about the transport of lipid-soluble hormones in the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

They require transport proteins to move through the bloodstream.

Question 12

Which hormone is primarily responsible for the development of male secondary sex characteristics?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of paracrine signaling?

Accepted Answer

A cell releasing a local regulator that affects nearby cells.

Question 14

Which hormone is released in response to suckling and stimulates milk release from mammary glands?

Accepted Answer

Oxytocin

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the effect of aldosterone released from the adrenal cortex?

Accepted Answer

It increases sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, helping to regulate blood pressure.

Question 16

A researcher blocks the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) from the hypothalamus. What is the most likely effect?

Accepted Answer

Decreased secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH).

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the coordination between the nervous and endocrine systems?

Accepted Answer

The hypothalamus receives signals from the nervous system and initiates endocrine responses via the pituitary gland.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why steroid hormones can regulate gene expression?

Accepted Answer

They diffuse through the cell membrane and bind to intracellular receptors that act as transcription factors.

Question 19

Which hormone is secreted by the anterior pituitary and stimulates the adrenal cortex to release its hormones?

Accepted Answer

Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

Question 20

A patient has low blood calcium levels. Which hormone is most likely to be secreted to restore homeostasis, and what is its effect?

Accepted Answer

Parathyroid hormone (PTH); increases blood calcium by stimulating calcium release from bones and increasing calcium uptake in intestines.

CH 45- Hormones and the Endocrine System: Regulation, Pathways, and Integration with the Nervous System

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards