Question 1

Which statement best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

DNA codes for RNA, which codes for proteins.

Question 2

Beadle and Tatum’s experiments with Neurospora crassa led to which hypothesis about gene function?

Accepted Answer

One-gene, one-enzyme hypothesis

Question 3

What is the role of messenger RNA (mRNA) in gene expression?

Accepted Answer

It carries genetic information from DNA to the site of protein synthesis.

Question 4

Which of the following codons is a start codon, and what amino acid does it code for?

Accepted Answer

AUG, which codes for methionine

Question 5

A mutation changes the DNA sequence from $$	ext{TAC} to$$ $$	ext{TAA}. $$What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Nonsense mutation

Question 6

Which property of the genetic code allows multiple codons to specify the same amino acid?

Accepted Answer

Redundant

Question 7

A patient’s karyotype reveals a chromosome with a segment that has flipped and rejoined. What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Inversion

Question 8

If a DNA sequence is $$	ext{ATG-GCC-TTT}$$, what is the corresponding mRNA sequence?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{AUG-GCC-UUU}$$

Question 9

Which type of mutation is most likely to result in a nonfunctional protein due to a shift in the reading frame?

Accepted Answer

Frameshift mutation

Question 10

A virus uses reverse transcriptase to synthesize DNA from an RNA template. Which process does this describe?

Accepted Answer

Reverse transcription

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why two mice with different coat colors have different phenotypes?

Accepted Answer

They have different proteins produced due to differences in their DNA sequences.

Question 12

Which of the following mutations would most likely be neutral in effect?

Accepted Answer

A silent mutation in a coding region

Question 13

What is the consequence of a translocation mutation at the chromosome level?

Accepted Answer

A segment of a chromosome becomes attached to another chromosome

Question 14

Which feature of the genetic code ensures that each codon specifies only one amino acid?

Accepted Answer

Unambiguity

Question 15

A mutation in a non-coding region of DNA affects gene expression. What is the most likely impact on the organism?

Accepted Answer

It may affect the phenotype by altering the amount or timing of protein production.

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a property of the genetic code?

Accepted Answer

It is overlapping.

Question 17

If a DNA sequence codes for the amino acids methionine, serine, and glycine, which of the following mRNA sequences is possible?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{AUG-UCC-GGU}$$

Question 18

Which type of chromosome mutation is most commonly associated with cancer cells?

Accepted Answer

Aneuploidy, inversions, translocations, deletions, and duplications

Question 19

A geneticist observes that a mutant strain of bread mold cannot synthesize arginine unless supplied with ornithine. Which enzyme in the arginine pathway is most likely defective?

Accepted Answer

The enzyme that converts ornithine to citrulline

Question 20

Which of the following best describes a frameshift mutation?

Accepted Answer

A mutation that shifts the reading frame by adding or deleting bases not in multiples of three

How Genes Work: From DNA to Protein and Mutation Chapter 16

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