Question 1

Which of the following best describes a key advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction in a changing environment?

Accepted Answer

Sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity, enhancing adaptability.

Question 2

A geneticist is analyzing a patient with an XY karyotype but observes the absence of male anatomical features. Which gene is most likely mutated or nonfunctional in this individual?

Accepted Answer

The Sry gene

Question 3

Which of the following correctly matches the hormone with its primary site of production in the male reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

Testosterone – Leydig cells

Question 4

During the ovarian cycle, a surge in which hormone directly triggers ovulation?

Accepted Answer

LH

Question 5

Which of the following best explains why polar bodies are formed during oogenesis but not during spermatogenesis?

Accepted Answer

Oogenesis involves unequal cytokinesis to conserve cytoplasm for the oocyte.

Question 6

A patient has a tumor that causes excessive secretion of GnRH. Predict the likely effect on FSH and LH levels and explain the feedback mechanism involved.

Accepted Answer

FSH and LH levels will increase due to stimulation by GnRH, until negative feedback from sex steroids suppresses their release.

Question 7

Which of the following anatomical structures is NOT correctly paired with its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Uterus – site of fertilization

Question 8

A woman experiences abnormally low levels of FSH. Which of the following is the most likely consequence for her ovarian and uterine cycles?

Accepted Answer

Follicle development is impaired, leading to anovulation and irregular or absent menstruation.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes the feedback regulation of estrogen during the menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen switches from negative to positive feedback, triggering the LH surge.

Question 10

A male patient has a genetic mutation that prevents the production of functional Sertoli cells. Which of the following is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

Impaired spermatogenesis and infertility

Question 11

Which of the following equations correctly represents the chromosomal outcome of meiosis during human gametogenesis?

Accepted Answer

$$2n \rightarrow n$$

Question 12

A patient with high levels of progesterone is most likely in which phase of the menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

Luteal phase

Question 13

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in male infertility?

Accepted Answer

A mutation that inactivates the Sry gene on the Y chromosome

Question 14

Which hormone is primarily responsible for stimulating the development of the endometrial lining during the proliferative phase of the uterine cycle?

Accepted Answer

Estrogen

Question 15

A researcher blocks LH receptors in the ovaries of a laboratory animal. What is the most likely effect on the ovarian cycle?

Accepted Answer

Ovulation will not occur due to lack of LH signaling.

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the corpus luteum in the menstrual cycle?

Accepted Answer

It secretes progesterone to maintain the endometrium.

Question 17

A 45-year-old woman is experiencing irregular menstrual cycles and declining estrogen levels. Which reproductive stage is she most likely entering?

Accepted Answer

Menopause

Question 18

Which of the following is a direct effect of FSH in the male reproductive system?

Accepted Answer

Stimulation of Sertoli cells to support spermatogenesis

Question 19

A patient is given a drug that blocks GnRH receptors in the anterior pituitary. What is the most likely effect on the levels of FSH, LH, and sex steroids?

Accepted Answer

FSH and LH levels decrease, leading to reduced estrogen, progesterone, and testosterone production.

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why menopause leads to increased levels of FSH and LH?

Accepted Answer

Loss of negative feedback from declining estrogen and progesterone increases FSH and LH secretion.

Human Reproduction: Mechanisms, Regulation, and Hormonal Control

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards