Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between innate (non-specific) and adaptive (specific) immunity?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity is present from birth and responds quickly to a wide range of pathogens, while adaptive immunity develops over time and targets specific pathogens.

Question 2

Which cell type is primarily responsible for producing antibodies during the humoral immune response?

Accepted Answer

Plasma cells

Question 3

A patient receives an injection of antibodies against rabies after being bitten by a potentially rabid animal. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Passive immunity, because the patient is receiving pre-formed antibodies.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why the secondary immune response is faster and stronger than the primary immune response?

Accepted Answer

Memory B cells generated during the primary response rapidly produce antibodies upon re-exposure to the antigen.

Question 5

Which of the following is NOT a function of helper T cells?

Accepted Answer

Directly killing infected cells by releasing perforin

Question 6

Organ rejection after transplantation is primarily due to:

Accepted Answer

The recipient’s immune system recognizing foreign glycoproteins on the donor organ’s cell membranes as non-self.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the role of perforin in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

It forms pores in the membranes of infected cells, leading to cell death.

Question 8

Which of the following is a correct example of an autoimmune disease?

Accepted Answer

Lupus, where the immune system attacks the body’s own tissues.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why individuals with SCID (Severe Combined Immunodeficiency) must live in a sterile environment?

Accepted Answer

They lack functional T and B lymphocytes, making them highly susceptible to infections.

Question 10

Which of the following is a mechanism by which antibodies help eliminate antigens?

Accepted Answer

Antibodies neutralize toxins, agglutinate pathogens, and mark them for phagocytosis (opsonization).

Question 11

Which of the following best describes how HIV impairs the immune system?

Accepted Answer

HIV infects and destroys helper T cells, reducing both humoral and cell-mediated immune responses.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of active immunity?

Accepted Answer

Receiving a vaccine that stimulates your immune system to produce memory cells.

Question 13

A person develops a rash and difficulty breathing after exposure to pollen. Which immune process is most likely responsible?

Accepted Answer

Allergic reaction involving mast cells releasing histamine

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why memory cells are important for long-term immunity?

Accepted Answer

They remain in the body for years and rapidly respond to subsequent exposures to the same antigen.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct sequence of events in the inflammatory response?

Accepted Answer

Pathogen entry → histamine release → increased blood flow → phagocyte migration

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the role of the lymphatic system in immunity?

Accepted Answer

It filters lymph and provides sites for immune cell activation and proliferation.

Question 17

Which of the following is a reason why COVID-19 can cause severe respiratory distress in some patients?

Accepted Answer

The virus triggers a severe inflammatory response (cytokine storm) that can damage lung tissue.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why a person with an autoimmune disease might experience chronic inflammation?

Accepted Answer

Their B cells produce antibodies against self-molecules, leading to tissue damage.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of how SARS-CoV-2 (the virus causing COVID-19) enters host cells?

Accepted Answer

It binds to the ACE-2 receptor on the host cell membrane using its spike protein.

Immunology: Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses, Diseases, and Viral Infections

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