Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells based on their internal structure?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a membrane-bound nucleus, while prokaryotic cells lack one.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a cell with branched isoprenoid chains bound to glycerol in its membrane phospholipids. To which domain does this cell most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Archaea

Question 3

Which cellular structure is responsible for synthesizing proteins that are destined to be secreted from the cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

A mutation prevents the addition of a mannose-6-phosphate group to a protein in the Golgi apparatus. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The protein will fail to be delivered to the lysosome.

Question 5

Which organelle is primarily responsible for detoxifying hydrogen peroxide ($$\mathrm{H_2O_2}) in $$eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Peroxisome

Question 6

During a pulse-chase experiment, newly synthesized proteins are first found in the rough ER. Where are they most likely to be found next?

Accepted Answer

In the Golgi apparatus

Question 7

Which of the following best explains why eukaryotic cells can be much larger than prokaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have compartmentalized organelles that increase efficiency.

Question 8

Which cytoskeletal element is most directly involved in the movement of vesicles from the rough ER to the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Microtubules

Question 9

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole filled with pigments and water. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of the nuclear lamina?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support to the nuclear envelope

Question 11

Which process is most directly responsible for the addition of carbohydrate groups to proteins in the ER?

Accepted Answer

Glycosylation

Question 12

A cell is unable to produce ATP efficiently and has defective cristae. Which organelle is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondrion

Question 13

Which of the following statements supports the endosymbiosis theory for the origin of mitochondria and chloroplasts?

Accepted Answer

Both organelles contain their own DNA and ribosomes.

Question 14

Which motor protein is responsible for 'walking' vesicles along microtubules using ATP?

Accepted Answer

Kinesin

Question 15

Which of the following structures is found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells and is essential for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 16

A cell is observed to have a cell wall composed primarily of peptidoglycan. Which type of cell is this?

Accepted Answer

Bacterial cell

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the function of lysosomes in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolyzing macromolecules and recycling cellular debris

Question 18

Which cytoskeletal element is most abundant in animal cells and is involved in cell movement and shape changes?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments (microfilaments)

Question 19

A protein destined for the nucleus contains a specific sequence that directs its transport. What is this sequence called?

Accepted Answer

Nuclear localization signal

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why mitochondria and chloroplasts can grow and divide independently of the cell?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and ribosomes.

Inside the Cell: Structure and Function of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

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