Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a universal feature of all cells?

Accepted Answer

Membrane-bound nucleus

Question 2

A scientist discovers a cell with a single circular chromosome, no membrane-bound organelles, and a cell wall composed of peptidoglycan. To which domain does this cell most likely belong?

Accepted Answer

Bacteria

Question 3

Which structure in prokaryotic cells is responsible for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 4

What is the main advantage of compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It allows separation of incompatible chemical reactions

Question 5

Which organelle is primarily responsible for synthesizing lipids and detoxifying harmful substances in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 6

A cell is observed to have many mitochondria and little smooth ER. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

ATP production

Question 7

Which process describes the fusion of a vesicle with the plasma membrane to release its contents outside the cell?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Processes, sorts, and ships proteins

Question 9

A mutation prevents the formation of nuclear localization signals (NLS) on proteins. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

Proteins cannot enter the nucleus

Question 10

Which cytoskeletal element is most directly involved in muscle contraction and cell crawling?

Accepted Answer

Actin filaments (microfilaments)

Question 11

Which of the following statements about mitochondria and chloroplasts supports the endosymbiosis theory?

Accepted Answer

They contain their own DNA and ribosomes

Question 12

A cell is observed to have a large central vacuole, a cell wall, and chloroplasts. Which type of cell is this most likely?

Accepted Answer

Plant cell

Question 13

Which pathway correctly describes receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Particles bind to receptors, vesicle forms, fuses with early endosome, matures, acid hydrolases digest contents

Question 14

Which of the following is a function of intermediate filaments?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support to the nucleus

Question 15

Which motor protein 'walks' along microtubules to transport vesicles within eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Kinesin

Question 16

If a mutation disrupts the function of acid hydrolases in lysosomes, which cellular process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Digestion and recycling of macromolecules

Question 17

Which structure in prokaryotic cells acts as a protective exoskeleton and is primarily composed of peptidoglycan?

Accepted Answer

Cell wall

Question 18

Which organelle is responsible for sorting and tagging proteins for delivery to their correct cellular destinations?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 19

A cell is observed to have extensive rough ER and many free ribosomes. Which function is this cell most likely specialized for?

Accepted Answer

Protein production

Question 20

Which equation best represents the relationship between surface area ($$A) $$and volume ($$V) $$for a spherical cell of radius $$r$$?

Accepted Answer

$$A = 4 \pi r^2$, V$$ = \frac{4}{3} \pi $$r^3$$

Inside the Cell: Structure and Function of Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells

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