Question 1

Which layer of the skin is primarily responsible for producing new cells through mitosis, and what is the name of this process?

Accepted Answer

Stratum basale; mitosis

Question 2

A patient presents with yellowing of the skin and eyes. Which pigment and organ dysfunction is most likely responsible for this condition?

Accepted Answer

Bilirubin; liver dysfunction

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a function of the integumentary system related to homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

Production of red blood cells

Question 4

A person receives a superficial burn that only damages the epidermis. What is the expected healing time and likelihood of scarring?

Accepted Answer

Heals in 2-3 days; usually no scar

Question 5

Which structure in the skin is responsible for the sensation of pressure?

Accepted Answer

Nerve endings

Question 6

Which pigment is responsible for the pinkish-red color of the skin and is found in red blood cells?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin

Question 7

A patient with Addison’s disease presents with darkening of the skin. What is the physiological reason for this change?

Accepted Answer

Increased melanin production due to hormonal changes

Question 8

Which accessory structure of the integumentary system is responsible for trapping dust and inhalants in the nasal cavity?

Accepted Answer

Nasal hairs

Question 9

Which type of gland is associated with hair follicles and becomes active during puberty, causing body odor?

Accepted Answer

Apocrine sweat gland

Question 10

A nurse is administering an insulin injection. At what angle should the needle be inserted to reach the subcutaneous tissue?

Accepted Answer

$45^\circ$

Question 11

Which layer of the skin contains the majority of collagen and elastic fibers, and is most important in the formation of scars?

Accepted Answer

Reticular layer of dermis

Question 12

Which process describes the movement of new keratinized cells to the surface of the epidermis, and how long does it typically take?

Accepted Answer

Keratinization; 40-56 days

Question 13

A patient presents with a bluish tinge to the skin (cyanosis). What does this indicate about tissue perfusion?

Accepted Answer

Tissues are not adequately perfused with oxygen

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why elderly individuals are at increased risk for pressure injuries?

Accepted Answer

Decreased collagen and elastic fibers, thinner skin

Question 15

Which vitamin is produced in the skin upon exposure to UV light, and what is its role in the body?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin D; stimulates calcium and phosphate absorption for bone growth

Question 16

Which of the following is a characteristic of malignant melanoma that can be used for diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Multiple colors and rapid change in size

Question 17

Which structure attaches the skin to underlying muscle and bone, and is not considered part of the skin?

Accepted Answer

Hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue)

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of blood vessels in the dermis during temperature regulation?

Accepted Answer

Dilation increases heat loss; constriction decreases heat loss

Question 19

A patient presents with red, itchy, painful skin lesions and blisters after exposure to an allergen. What is the most likely diagnosis?

Accepted Answer

Atopic dermatitis (eczema)

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why fair-skinned individuals are more prone to skin cancer?

Accepted Answer

They produce less melanin, which provides less protection against UV light

Integumentary System: Structure, Function, and Clinical Relevance

Study Guide - Practice Questions