Question 1

Which scientist's experiment demonstrated that organic compounds could be synthesized from inorganic substances, marking the birth of modern organic biochemistry?

Accepted Answer

Friedrich Wöhler

Question 2

What is the primary structural difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cells do not have a nucleus.

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT one of the six nonmetallic elements that account for more than 97% of the weight of most organisms?

Accepted Answer

Calcium

Question 4

Which functional group is represented by the structure $\mathrm{R{-}COOH}$?

Accepted Answer

Carboxylic acid

Question 5

Which type of chemical linkage is most commonly found in proteins?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond (amide linkage)

Question 6

A scientist is studying the hydrolysis of sucrose by yeast enzymes. Which concept did Emil Fischer propose regarding enzyme specificity?

Accepted Answer

Only a molecule with a suitable structure can serve as a substrate for a given enzyme.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the Central Dogma of Molecular Biology?

Accepted Answer

Information encoded in DNA is transcribed to RNA and then translated into protein.

Question 8

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for forming the structural basis of biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

Lipids (phospholipids)

Question 9

Which of the following statements about nucleotides is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotides consist of a nitrogenous base, a sugar, and at least one phosphate group.

Question 10

Which nitrogenous base is found only in RNA and not in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Question 11

A patient is diagnosed with a disease caused by misfolded proteins. Which level of protein structure is MOST directly affected by changes in the amino acid sequence?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 12

Which of the following is a correct representation of glucose in the Fischer projection?

Accepted Answer

A linear structure with carbon atoms numbered from the top, hydroxyl groups shown vertically.

Question 13

Which of the following is a property of the lipid bilayer in biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

It is self-sealing and allows flexibility and movement.

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 15

Which type of macromolecule is formed by the polymerization of monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Polysaccharides

Question 16

Which of the following statements about viruses is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Viruses require host cells to replicate and are considered genetic parasites.

Question 17

Which linkage is commonly found in carbohydrates and is responsible for joining monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic bond

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why water is the major component of cells and accounts for the high percentage of oxygen in organisms?

Accepted Answer

Water's molecular structure ($\mathrm{H_2O}$) includes one oxygen atom, and its abundance in cells increases the overall oxygen content.

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct description of a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

It contains a nucleus and organelles.

Question 20

Which of the following is a major difference between organic chemistry and biochemistry?

Accepted Answer

Biochemistry aims to understand how reactions occur in living cells, while organic chemistry is more interested in laboratory reactions.

Introduction to Biochemistry: Foundations, Macromolecules, and the Cell

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