Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main difference between somatic and germ cells, as defined by August Weismann?

Accepted Answer

Germ cells are responsible for passing genetic information to offspring, while somatic cells are not.

Question 2

Which of the following is NOT a typical model organism used in developmental biology research?

Accepted Answer

Homo sapiens

Question 3

According to the cell theory, which statement is correct?

Accepted Answer

Cells are the basic unit of life in all living organisms.

Question 4

Wilhelm Roux’s experiment with frog embryos demonstrated which concept in developmental biology?

Accepted Answer

The importance of nuclear determinants in cell fate (mosaic development)

Question 5

Hans Driesch’s experiments with sea urchin embryos provided evidence for which developmental process?

Accepted Answer

Regulative development

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the relationship between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype is the genetic makeup, and phenotype is the observable characteristics resulting from genotype and environment.

Question 7

A heterozygous individual for a gene with a dominant and a recessive allele will express which phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Only the dominant phenotype

Question 8

Which approach in developmental biology focuses on manipulating embryos to test the effects of removing or adding cells?

Accepted Answer

Experimental

Question 9

Which historical figure is associated with the concept of preformation in developmental biology?

Accepted Answer

Aristotle

Question 10

If a mutation occurs in a somatic cell, what is the likelihood that it will be passed on to the next generation?

Accepted Answer

It will never be passed on.

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why Drosophila melanogaster is a popular model organism in developmental biology?

Accepted Answer

It is easy to maintain, has a short generation time, and its genetics are well understood.

Question 12

Which stage of development immediately follows fertilization in most animals?

Accepted Answer

Cleavage

Question 13

A student observes that a mutation in a mouse leads to a deformed tail only when the mouse is heterozygous for the mutation. What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Semi-dominant

Question 14

Which of the following statements about alleles is correct?

Accepted Answer

Alleles are different forms of a gene found at the same locus on homologous chromosomes.

Question 15

Which of the following equations correctly represents the relationship between genotype frequencies in a population under Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

Accepted Answer

$$p^2 + 2pq$$ + $$q^2 = 1$

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the experimental approach in developmental biology?

Accepted Answer

Manipulating embryos to test the effects of removing or adding cells.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the role of proteins in gene regulation, as understood since the 1980s?

Accepted Answer

Proteins can control the activity of genes.

Question 18

Which stage of development is characterized by the formation of the three germ layers?

Accepted Answer

Gastrulation

Question 19

A researcher observes that a mutation in Drosophila melanogaster results in white eyes only when the individual is homozygous for the mutation. What type of mutation is this?

Accepted Answer

Recessive

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the main goal of using model organisms in developmental biology?

Accepted Answer

To understand fundamental biological processes that are conserved across species.

Introduction to Developmental Biology: Key Concepts, Approaches, and Model Organisms

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