Q: Which equation best represents net primary productivity (NPP) in terrestrial biomes?

$$\text{NPP} = \text{Carbon fixed per year} - \text{Carbon oxidized during cellular respiration}$$

Q: Which equation best describes the relationship between sunlight angle and energy received per unit area?

$$\text{Energy per unit area} = \text{Total sunlight} \times \cos(\theta)$$

Question 1

Which level of ecological study focuses on how nutrients and energy move among organisms and through the surrounding atmosphere, soil, or water?

Accepted Answer

Ecosystem ecology

Question 2

A bear eating a salmon is an example of which level of ecological study?

Accepted Answer

Community ecology

Question 3

Which abiotic factor is most responsible for the difference in temperature between the tropics and the poles?

Accepted Answer

Angle of incoming sunlight

Question 4

What is the primary cause of wet conditions along the equator?

Accepted Answer

Hadley cell air circulation

Question 5

Which equation best represents net primary productivity (NPP) in terrestrial biomes?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{NPP} = 	ext{Carbon fixed per year} - 	ext{Carbon oxidized during cellular respiration}$$

Question 6

Which biome is characterized by high productivity, high species diversity, and broad-leaved plants with year-round growth?

Accepted Answer

Tropical wet forest

Question 7

A mountain range creates a rain shadow. What is the expected climate on the leeward side of the mountain?

Accepted Answer

Dry and desert-like

Question 8

Which factor is NOT a major abiotic determinant of aquatic biomes?

Accepted Answer

Species interactions

Question 9

Which process brings nutrient-rich water from the ocean bottom to the surface, supporting high productivity in coastal regions?

Accepted Answer

Ocean upwelling

Question 10

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of increased atmospheric $$	ext{CO}_2$$ due to human activity?

Accepted Answer

Ocean acidification

Question 11

Which aquatic biome is described as having fluctuating salinity, high nutrient levels, and serving as a nursery for young fish?

Accepted Answer

Estuaries

Question 12

Which term describes the range of conditions a species can tolerate and the resources it can use?

Accepted Answer

Niche

Question 13

Which of the following is a direct human impact on aquatic biomes?

Accepted Answer

Creation of reservoirs

Question 14

Which zone in a lake receives enough light to support photosynthesis but is too deep for plants to take root?

Accepted Answer

Limnetic zone

Question 15

Which equation best describes the relationship between sunlight angle and energy received per unit area?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Energy per unit area} = 	ext{Total sunlight} 	imes \cos(	heta)$$

Question 16

Which biome is most likely to experience abrupt shifts to grassland due to decreased rainfall and feedback loops?

Accepted Answer

Amazon tropical wet forest

Question 17

Which method do biologists use to predict the effects of climate change on biomes by manipulating environmental variables and recording organism responses?

Accepted Answer

Experiments

Question 18

Which property of water allows oceans to moderate coastal climates by absorbing heat in summer and releasing it in winter?

Accepted Answer

High specific heat

Question 19

Which zone in the ocean is characterized by high species diversity, especially coral reefs?

Accepted Answer

Neritic zone

Question 20

Which factor is most likely to limit photosynthesis and plant growth in terrestrial biomes?

Accepted Answer

High temperature and drought stress

Introduction to Ecology: Levels, Patterns, and Biomes

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