Q: Which equation correctly represents the calculation of atomic mass?

$\text{Atomic mass} = \text{Number of protons} + \text{Number of neutrons}$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes the scientific method as presented in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

A system where evidence and measurable data are used to resolve disagreements.

Question 2

According to the study materials, what is the fundamental scientific tool for explaining how the universe works?

Accepted Answer

The mechanical perspective, which states that nothing exists but atoms and the void.

Question 3

Which statement about the elements in the human body is supported by the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen make up over 96% of the human body mass.

Question 4

If the nucleus of an atom were the size of a tennis ball, approximately how large would the atom itself be, according to the analogy in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

The size of a football stadium.

Question 5

Which process is responsible for the formation of most hydrogen and helium in the universe?

Accepted Answer

The Big Bang nucleosynthesis.

Question 6

A patient is injected with a radioactive isotope for medical imaging. Which property of isotopes makes this possible?

Accepted Answer

Isotopes of the same element have different numbers of neutrons, allowing some to be radioactive.

Question 7

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of atomic mass?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Atomic mass} = 	ext{Number of protons} + 	ext{Number of neutrons}$

Question 8

Why do scientists believe that extraterrestrial life, if it exists, is likely to be based on water and carbon?

Accepted Answer

Because water and carbon are abundant and form the chemical basis for life as we know it.

Question 9

Which concept explains how life creates order from disorder at the molecular scale?

Accepted Answer

Life extracts energy to create order, using concepts of entropy and thermodynamic equilibrium.

Question 10

A scientist is using radioactive dating to determine the age of a rock. Which principle is she relying on?

Accepted Answer

The fixed rate of decay of isotopes, known as half-life.

Question 11

Which of the following best illustrates the relationship between structure and function in biology?

Accepted Answer

The shape of a protein determines its ability to catalyze specific reactions.

Question 12

Which statement about the origin of elements heavier than hydrogen and helium is supported by the study materials?

Accepted Answer

They are formed in stars through nuclear fusion.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct application of the concept of half-life in radiometric dating?

Accepted Answer

If a radioactive isotope has a half-life of 1,000 years, after 2,000 years only 25% of the original isotope remains.

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the role of consensus in scientific progress?

Accepted Answer

Consensus allows scientists to agree on what counts as evidence, enabling progress.

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a major theme in biology as outlined in the study materials?

Accepted Answer

Biological processes are best explained by supernatural forces.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-world application of radioactive isotopes in medicine?

Accepted Answer

Using radioactive tracers to image glucose uptake in tissues.

Question 17

Which of the following best explains why most of your body's hydrogen atoms are 13.8 billion years old?

Accepted Answer

They were formed during the Big Bang and have persisted since the beginning of the universe.

Question 18

Which of the following equations represents the concept of half-life in radioactive decay?

Accepted Answer

$N = N_0 	imes \left( \frac{1}{2} ight)^{\frac{t}{T_{1/2}}}$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the relationship between atoms and molecules in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Atoms combine to form molecules, which are the building blocks of cells and life.

Introduction to General Biology: Foundations, Scientific Thinking, and Course Structure

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