Question 1

Which of the following best illustrates the correlation between structure and function at the cellular level in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

The presence of mitochondria in muscle cells to meet high energy demands

Question 2

A plant's xylem tissue is specialized for water transport. Which physical law primarily explains the upward movement of water through xylem vessels?

Accepted Answer

Cohesion-tension theory, which is based on the laws of capillarity and transpiration

Question 3

Which equation best represents the energy budget of a multicellular heterotroph?

Accepted Answer

$$E_{in} = E_{growth} + E_{maintenance} + E_{reproduction} + E_{excretion}$$

Question 4

A patient is unable to regulate their internal body temperature and experiences rapid fluctuations in response to environmental changes. Which physiological process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Homeostasis

Question 5

Which of the following scenarios best demonstrates the division of labor in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Red blood cells transport oxygen, while white blood cells defend against pathogens

Question 6

In a laboratory experiment, students measure the rate of photosynthesis in two groups of plants: one exposed to blue light and one to green light. Which step of the scientific process are they performing when they compare the average rates between groups?

Accepted Answer

Analyzing data and drawing conclusions

Question 7

Which of the following best describes why multicellular autotrophs and heterotrophs differ in their energy acquisition strategies?

Accepted Answer

Autotrophs convert light energy into chemical energy via photosynthesis, while heterotrophs obtain energy by consuming organic molecules

Question 8

A scientist is modeling the movement of oxygen in the circulatory system. Which equation would best represent the rate of diffusion of oxygen across a membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$J = -D \frac{\Delta C}{\Delta x}$$

Question 9

Which of the following is an example of an organism creating a favorable gradient to perform a life function?

Accepted Answer

A neuron actively pumping sodium ions out to maintain a resting membrane potential

Question 10

Which of the following best demonstrates the application of physical laws to biological systems?

Accepted Answer

The use of Fick's Law to explain gas exchange in alveoli

Question 11

A student is asked to graph the relationship between enzyme activity and temperature. Which of the following best describes the expected shape of the graph?

Accepted Answer

A bell-shaped curve, with activity increasing to an optimum and then decreasing

Question 12

Which of the following is a critical competency for biology students, as outlined in the course objectives?

Accepted Answer

Interpreting data and drawing conclusions from scientific studies

Question 13

Which scenario best illustrates the use of models and simulations in understanding biological phenomena?

Accepted Answer

Using a computer simulation to predict the spread of a disease in a population

Question 14

A student is designing an experiment to test the effect of fertilizer on plant growth. Which of the following is the best example of a testable scientific hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

If plants are given fertilizer, then they will grow taller than plants not given fertilizer

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the hierarchical organization of life in multicellular organisms?

Accepted Answer

Cells form tissues, tissues form organs, organs form organ systems, organ systems form organisms

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a multicellular organism sensing and responding to a short-term change in its environment?

Accepted Answer

A human sweating in response to increased body temperature

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the importance of intellectual honesty in science?

Accepted Answer

It ensures that scientific findings are trustworthy and reproducible

Question 18

A student calculates the surface area to volume ratio for two cubes: one with sides of 1 cm and one with sides of 3 cm. Which formula should they use, and which cube has the higher ratio?

Accepted Answer

Use $$	ext{SA:V} = \frac{6a^2$}{a^3$}$$; the 1 cm cube has the higher ratio

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of the movement of solutions supporting specialized functions in different tissues?

Accepted Answer

Blood transporting oxygen and nutrients to muscle tissue during exercise

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the role of quantitative reasoning in biology?

Accepted Answer

Using mathematical equations to explain and predict biological phenomena

Introduction to Organismal Biology: Syllabus and Study Guide

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards