Question 1

Which of the following statements best distinguishes a scientific hypothesis from a scientific theory?

Accepted Answer

A hypothesis is a specific, testable explanation for an observation, while a theory is a broad explanation supported by a large body of evidence.

Question 2

A scientist wants to test whether a new fertilizer increases plant growth. She sets up two groups of plants: one receives the fertilizer, and the other does not. Which is the independent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The presence or absence of fertilizer

Question 3

Which of the following is NOT a property of life as defined in biology?

Accepted Answer

Ability to photosynthesize

Question 4

A researcher observes that patients who exercise regularly have lower blood pressure. Which of the following best describes this relationship?

Accepted Answer

Correlation, because both variables change together but causation is not established

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of something that science CANNOT study?

Accepted Answer

Whether a supernatural force controls the weather

Question 6

In a clinical trial testing a new medication, what is the primary purpose of the control group?

Accepted Answer

To serve as a baseline for comparison by not receiving the experimental treatment

Question 7

Which of the following best describes homeostasis?

Accepted Answer

The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes

Question 8

A student claims, 'If I water my plant more, it will grow taller.' In this scenario, what is the dependent variable?

Accepted Answer

The height of the plant

Question 9

Which of the following is the correct order of the hierarchy of life from smallest to largest?

Accepted Answer

Molecule → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organism

Question 10

Which of the following statements about scientific theories is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Theories are broad explanations supported by a large body of evidence.

Question 11

A scientist is testing the effect of temperature on the rate of enzyme activity. She keeps all other variables constant except temperature. What is the dependent variable in this experiment?

Accepted Answer

The rate of enzyme activity

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of evolutionary adaptation?

Accepted Answer

A population of insects developing resistance to a pesticide over several generations

Question 13

Which of the following best describes the difference between correlation and causation?

Accepted Answer

Correlation means two variables change together, while causation means one variable directly affects the other.

Question 14

Which of the following is a testable scientific hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

If plants are given fertilizer, then they will grow taller than plants not given fertilizer.

Question 15

A group of researchers publishes their findings in a peer-reviewed journal. Why is peer review important in the scientific process?

Accepted Answer

It allows other scientists to evaluate and validate the research methods and conclusions.

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of energy processing in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

A plant converting sunlight into chemical energy through photosynthesis

Question 17

Which of the following is the best example of a control group in a scientific experiment?

Accepted Answer

A group of patients receiving a placebo instead of the actual drug

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a step in the scientific method?

Accepted Answer

Proving the hypothesis is true

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the domain Bacteria?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic organisms lacking a nucleus

Question 20

A scientist claims that all living organisms contain DNA. According to the scientific method, this statement is best classified as:

Accepted Answer

A theory

Introduction to Science and Biology: Study Notes

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