Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes why cells are small in size?

Accepted Answer

Small cells have a higher surface area-to-volume ratio, which facilitates efficient exchange of materials with the environment.

Question 2

A scientist wants to observe the internal structure of mitochondria. Which microscopy technique should they use?

Accepted Answer

Transmission electron microscopy (TEM)

Question 3

Which of the following molecules would most easily diffuse across a pure phospholipid bilayer?

Accepted Answer

O$$_2$$

Question 4

Which component is NOT found in animal cell plasma membranes?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose

Question 5

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What is the most likely outcome?

Accepted Answer

The cell will swell and may burst due to water influx.

Question 6

Which of the following best describes the function of the Na$$^+/K$^+$$ pump?

Accepted Answer

It moves Na$$^+$$ out of the cell and K$$^+$$ into the cell, both against their concentration gradients, using ATP.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Providing structural support and anchoring cells via integrins

Question 8

Which type of cell junction allows for rapid communication and synchronization between adjacent animal cells?

Accepted Answer

Gap junctions

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why large polar molecules require transport proteins to cross the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

The hydrophobic core of the phospholipid bilayer prevents their diffusion.

Question 10

A cell is placed in a solution and water moves out of the cell, causing it to shrink. What type of solution is the cell in?

Accepted Answer

Hypertonic

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the synthesis and export of a secreted protein in a eukaryotic cell?

Accepted Answer

Rough ER → Golgi apparatus → vesicle → plasma membrane

Question 12

Which of the following statements about the endosymbiotic theory is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have their own DNA and replicate independently of the cell.

Question 13

Which cytoskeletal element is primarily responsible for muscle contraction and changes in cell shape?

Accepted Answer

Microfilaments (actin filaments)

Question 14

Which of the following best describes facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Movement of molecules down their concentration gradient through a membrane protein, without energy input

Question 15

Which organelle is responsible for digesting old or damaged organelles within the cell?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 16

Which of the following best explains why animal cells do not burst when placed in an isotonic solution?

Accepted Answer

There is no net movement of water into or out of the cell.

Question 17

Which of the following is a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins for secretion or delivery to other organelles

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

It modulates membrane fluidity and stability.

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE about the movement of water across cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Water moves by osmosis from areas of high to low free water concentration.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the difference between integral and peripheral membrane proteins?

Accepted Answer

Integral proteins are embedded within the membrane, while peripheral proteins are loosely attached to the membrane surface.

ch 6Introduction to the Cell and Cell Transport Mechanisms

Study Guide - Practice Questions