Question 1

Which statement best describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have their DNA in a nucleus bounded by a double membrane, while prokaryotic cells have their DNA in a nucleoid region without a membrane.

Question 2

A scientist discovers a unicellular organism with DNA located in a nucleoid region and no membrane-bound organelles. Which type of cell is this organism most likely composed of?

Accepted Answer

Prokaryotic cell

Question 3

Which organelle is responsible for synthesizing lipids and detoxifying drugs in liver cells?

Accepted Answer

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of the Golgi apparatus?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizes ATP for cellular energy

Question 5

A mutation prevents the formation of the nuclear envelope in a eukaryotic cell. Which process would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Separation of the nucleus from the cytoplasm

Question 6

Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes that digest macromolecules and is involved in autophagy?

Accepted Answer

Lysosome

Question 7

In plant cells, which organelle is primarily responsible for maintaining turgor pressure and storing water, ions, and organic compounds?

Accepted Answer

Central vacuole

Question 8

Which structure is found in animal cells but NOT in plant cells?

Accepted Answer

Centrioles

Question 9

Which part of the nucleus is responsible for synthesizing ribosomal RNA using instructions from DNA?

Accepted Answer

Nucleolus

Question 10

A cell is observed to have a large number of free ribosomes in its cytoplasm. What is the most likely function of this cell?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of proteins for use within the cytosol

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the role of the plasma membrane in a cell?

Accepted Answer

It regulates the entry and exit of materials and is selectively permeable.

Question 12

During cellular respiration, which organelle uses oxygen to generate ATP and contains its own DNA?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Has bound ribosomes and synthesizes proteins for secretion

Question 14

A paramecium uses contractile vacuoles to pump excess water out of its cell. What is the primary reason for this adaptation?

Accepted Answer

To maintain osmotic balance in freshwater environments

Question 15

Which of the following organelles is NOT part of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 16

If a cell's lysosomes are nonfunctional, which process would be most directly impaired?

Accepted Answer

Digestion and recycling of cellular components

Question 17

Which organelle is described as the 'protein factory' of the cell and can be found both free in the cytoplasm and bound to the endoplasmic reticulum?

Accepted Answer

Ribosome

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents the overall process of cellular respiration occurring in mitochondria?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{C}_6\mathrm{H}_{12}\mathrm{O}_6 + 6\ \mathrm{O}_2 \rightarrow 6\ \mathrm{CO}_2 + 6\ \mathrm{H}_2\mathrm{O} + \mathrm{ATP}$$

Question 19

Which organelle is most directly involved in the sorting and shipping of proteins to their correct destinations within or outside the cell?

Accepted Answer

Golgi apparatus

Question 20

A cell is unable to produce ATP efficiently due to a defect in the cristae. Which organelle is most likely affected?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Introduction to the Cell: Structure, Function, and Organelles

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