Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of a pathogen in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

A foreign organism (virus, bacteria, parasite) that causes disease.

Question 2

Which type of immunity is characterized by a fast, non-specific response to pathogens?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity

Question 3

A patient receives a vaccine and later develops immunity to the disease. Which type of immunity is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive immunity

Question 4

Which of the following best defines an antigen?

Accepted Answer

A molecule that triggers an immune response.

Question 5

What is the primary function of an antibody?

Accepted Answer

To bind to antigens and help neutralize pathogens.

Question 6

Which cell type is responsible for producing antibodies?

Accepted Answer

B cells

Question 7

A scientist observes a cell that directly kills infected cells. Which type of cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Cytotoxic T cell

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the function of a helper T cell?

Accepted Answer

Activates other immune cells.

Question 9

Which process involves the copying of DNA to RNA?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 10

A mutation occurs in a gene. What is the most likely result?

Accepted Answer

A permanent change in the DNA sequence.

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct sequence of information flow in the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$DNA \rightarrow RNA \rightarrow Protein$$

Question 12

Which molecule carries genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm for protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

mRNA

Question 13

During translation, which molecule brings amino acids to the ribosome?

Accepted Answer

tRNA

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a gene?

Accepted Answer

A segment of DNA that codes for a protein.

Question 15

If a mutation occurs in the DNA sequence of a gene, which process could be directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Directly killing infected cells

Question 17

Which process is responsible for making a copy of DNA before cell division?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Question 18

A person is born with immunity to a disease due to antibodies passed from their mother. This is an example of:

Accepted Answer

Passive immunity

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the role of rRNA in the cell?

Accepted Answer

Forms the core of the ribosome and catalyzes protein synthesis

Question 20

A scientist is studying a cell that can activate other immune cells but does not directly kill pathogens. Which cell is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Helper T cell

Key Terms in Immunology and Molecular Genetics

Study Guide - Practice Questions