Question 1

Which of the following best describes the role of a pathogen in the immune system?

Accepted Answer

A foreign organism (virus, bacteria, parasite) that causes disease.

Question 2

What distinguishes adaptive immunity from innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive immunity is slow and specific, while innate immunity is fast and non-specific.

Question 3

Which cell type is responsible for producing antibodies?

Accepted Answer

B cells

Question 4

A patient is exposed to a virus for the first time. Which part of their immune system will respond first?

Accepted Answer

Innate immunity

Question 5

Which of the following is a permanent change in DNA sequences?

Accepted Answer

Mutation

Question 6

What is the function of cytotoxic T cells in the immune response?

Accepted Answer

They kill infected cells.

Question 7

Which process involves copying DNA to RNA?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 8

During translation, what is produced from the RNA template?

Accepted Answer

Protein

Question 9

Which of the following best describes an antigen?

Accepted Answer

A molecule that triggers an immune response.

Question 10

If a mutation occurs during DNA replication, which process will be directly affected in the next cell cycle?

Accepted Answer

Transcription

Question 11

Which of the following is the correct sequence of genetic information flow in a cell?

Accepted Answer

$$DNA \rightarrow RNA \rightarrow Protein$$

Question 12

A vaccine introduces a harmless form of a pathogen to the body. Which immune cells are primarily responsible for remembering this pathogen for future responses?

Accepted Answer

Memory cells

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a function of antibodies?

Accepted Answer

Killing infected cells directly

Question 14

Which process is described as the synthesis of DNA from a DNA template?

Accepted Answer

Replication

Question 15

A person is exposed to the same pathogen twice. Which immune response is likely to be faster and more effective the second time?

Accepted Answer

Adaptive immunity

Question 16

Which of the following best describes the process of translation?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing protein from RNA

Question 17

Which of the following is a common misconception about innate immunity?

Accepted Answer

It provides long-lasting protection.

Question 18

Which of the following molecules is produced during transcription?

Accepted Answer

RNA

Question 19

A mutation in a gene encoding an antibody could most directly affect which immune function?

Accepted Answer

Binding to antigens

Question 20

Which of the following statements about antigens is correct?

Accepted Answer

They trigger an immune response.

Key Terms in Immunology and Molecular Genetics

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