Q: What structural difference distinguishes cellulose from starch?

Cellulose contains $eta$-glucose monomers, while starch contains $oldsymbol{\alpha}$-glucose monomers.

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a dehydration reaction in the synthesis of biological polymers?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that forms covalent bonds between monomers by removing a water molecule.

Question 2

Which macromolecule is NOT typically considered a polymer?

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Question 3

A student is analyzing a nutrition label and sees that a food contains 13g of protein, 36g of carbohydrates, and 1g of fat. Which macromolecule provides the most energy per gram?

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Question 4

Which of the following is the correct formula for a dehydration reaction between two glucose molecules to form maltose?

Accepted Answer

$C_6H_{12}O_6 + C_6H_{12}O_6 \rightarrow C_{12}H_{22}O_{11} + H_2O$

Question 5

Which type of bond links amino acids together in a protein?

Accepted Answer

Peptide bond

Question 6

Which of the following statements about enzymes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Enzymes increase the rate of a reaction by lowering the activation energy.

Question 7

Which polysaccharide is used for energy storage in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 8

What structural difference distinguishes cellulose from starch?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose contains $eta$-glucose monomers, while starch contains $oldsymbol{\alpha}$-glucose monomers.

Question 9

Which of the following is a structural polysaccharide found in the exoskeletons of arthropods and the cell walls of fungi?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Question 10

A patient is diagnosed with sickle cell disease. Which level of protein structure is directly affected by the mutation causing this disease?

Accepted Answer

Primary structure

Question 11

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

Their fatty acid chains are straight and can pack tightly together.

Question 12

Which part of a phospholipid is hydrophilic?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group head

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Adenine - Thymine

Question 14

Which of the following is the correct structure for a nucleotide found in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Phosphate group, deoxyribose sugar, nitrogenous base

Question 15

Which of the following is TRUE about the antiparallel structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

One strand runs 5' to 3', and the other runs 3' to 5'.

Question 16

Which of the following is a function of chaperone proteins in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They assist in the proper folding of other proteins.

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct description of a phosphodiester bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the sugar of another nucleotide.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world application of genomic sequencing?

Accepted Answer

Identifying genetic mutations associated with inherited diseases.

Question 19

Which of the following correctly matches a macromolecule with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid - Nucleotide

Question 20

A scientist compares the genomes of two species and finds that their DNA sequences are very similar. What does this suggest about their evolutionary relationship?

Accepted Answer

They are closely related.

Large Biological Molecules: Structure, Function, and Synthesis

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