Question 1

Which of the following best explains why animals store energy as fats rather than starch?

Accepted Answer

Fats provide approximately twice the energy per gram compared to starch, reducing weight and increasing mobility.

Question 2

Which structure is present in eukaryotic cells but absent in prokaryotic cells, and is essential for compartmentalization of cellular processes?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 3

A triacylglycerol (triglyceride) molecule is formed by the ester linkage of which components?

Accepted Answer

Three fatty acids and one glycerol

Question 4

Why can't viruses or proteins be seen using a standard light microscope?

Accepted Answer

Their size is smaller than the wavelength of light used, causing photons to bend around them and making them undetectable.

Question 5

Which of the following is a function of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Synthesis of lipids and detoxification of drugs and poisons

Question 6

What is the main advantage of compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It allows incompatible chemical processes to occur simultaneously in different regions of the cell.

Question 7

Which statement about cell theory is correct?

Accepted Answer

All living organisms are made up of one or more cells.

Question 8

Seeds in plants are rich in fats because:

Accepted Answer

Seeds require high-density energy reserves for germination and early growth.

Question 9

Which of the following best describes Brownian motion?

Accepted Answer

Random movement of molecules from point A to point B.

Question 10

Steroid hormones, such as sex hormones, are transported through the bloodstream by:

Accepted Answer

Binding to a special protein that forms a soluble complex.

Question 11

Which of the following is true about the nuclear envelope in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It is a double membrane with pores that regulate entry and exit of molecules.

Question 12

Which organelle is responsible for the majority of membrane production in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Endoplasmic reticulum (ER)

Question 13

A phospholipid molecule is characterized by:

Accepted Answer

Two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached to glycerol

Question 14

Which of the following best explains the evolutionary advantage of membrane-bound organelles in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

They enable compartmentalization, which supports specialized functions and overcomes diffusion limitations in large cells.

Question 15

If the diameter of a cell is $10^{-5}$ meters, what is its diameter in micrometers ($\mu$m)?

Accepted Answer

$10$ $\mu$m

Question 16

Which of the following is NOT a function of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)?

Accepted Answer

Detoxification of drugs and poisons

Question 17

Which of the following statements about prokaryotic cells is correct?

Accepted Answer

They have no nucleus.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the role of ribosomes in the cell?

Accepted Answer

They are complexes of ribosomal RNA and protein that synthesize polypeptides.

Question 19

Which of the following is a reason why synthesizing some proteins in the cytoplasm may be problematic for large eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

It may take too long for mRNA to find a ribosome in a large cell.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the relationship between order of magnitude and biological scale?

Accepted Answer

Order of magnitude is a multiple of 10, used to compare the relative sizes of biological objects.

Lipids, Cell Structure, and the Endomembrane System: Study Notes for General Biology

Study Guide - Practice Questions