$$\text{Electrochemical gradient} = \text{chemical (concentration) gradient} + \text{electrical (charge) gradient}$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes a hypertonic solution relative to a cell?

Accepted Answer

It has a higher solute concentration than the cell.

Question 2

Which type of membrane transport requires energy to move solutes against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 3

Aquaporins are specialized channel proteins. What is their primary function in cells?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating the movement of water molecules

Question 4

Which of the following statements about facilitated diffusion is correct?

Accepted Answer

It requires membrane transport proteins and moves solutes from high to low concentration.

Question 5

A cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will gain water and swell.

Question 6

Which of the following is TRUE about channel proteins?

Accepted Answer

They create hydrophilic channels for specific ions or water.

Question 7

The sodium-potassium pump moves ions in which direction across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

3 Na$$^+$$ out of the cell, 2 K$$^+$$ into the cell

Question 8

Which equation correctly represents the electrochemical gradient?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Electrochemical gradient} = 	ext{chemical (concentration) gradient} + 	ext{electrical (charge) gradient}$$

Question 9

Which of the following is a key difference between channel proteins and carrier proteins?

Accepted Answer

Carrier proteins undergo conformational changes during transport, while channel proteins do not.

Question 10

A nerve impulse relies on which of the following mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

Gated ion channels and membrane pumps

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the function of the Na$$^+/$$glucose cotransporter?

Accepted Answer

It uses the Na$$^+$$ gradient to move glucose into the cell against its concentration gradient.

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of symport?

Accepted Answer

Na$$^+/$$glucose cotransporter

Question 13

What is the primary energy source for membrane pumps such as the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

ATP hydrolysis

Question 14

Which of the following would most likely increase the rate of diffusion through a channel protein?

Accepted Answer

Increasing the number of open channels

Question 15

Which process is responsible for the movement of water across cell membranes?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 16

What is the result of the sodium-potassium pump activity on membrane potential?

Accepted Answer

It makes the inside of the cell more negative than the outside.

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a way that gated channel proteins can be opened?

Accepted Answer

ATP hydrolysis

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why facilitated diffusion is considered passive?

Accepted Answer

It moves solutes along their concentration gradient without energy input.

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE about carrier proteins?

Accepted Answer

They undergo conformational changes to move solutes across the membrane.

Question 20

A mutation prevents the addition of phosphate groups to the CFTR chloride channel. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The channel will not open, preventing chloride transport.

Week 6 - Oct 6

Study Guide - Practice Questions