Question 1

Which of the following best describes a hypertonic solution?

Accepted Answer

A solution with a higher solute concentration compared to another solution.

Question 2

Which type of membrane transport requires energy input from ATP to move solutes against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 3

A red blood cell is placed in a hypotonic solution. What will most likely happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will swell and possibly burst due to water influx.

Question 4

Which equation correctly represents the relationship for an electrochemical gradient?

Accepted Answer

$Electrochemical\ gradient = chemical\ (concentration)\ gradient + electrical\ (charge)\ gradient$

Question 5

Which of the following is TRUE about facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

It uses membrane proteins to move substances down their concentration gradient.

Question 6

Aquaporins are specialized channel proteins. What is their primary function?

Accepted Answer

Facilitating the rapid movement of water molecules across cell membranes.

Question 7

The sodium-potassium pump moves ions in which direction across the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

3 Na$^+$ out of the cell and 2 K$^+$ into the cell

Question 8

Which of the following statements about channel proteins is correct?

Accepted Answer

They create hydrophilic channels for specific ions or water to pass through.

Question 9

A nerve impulse relies on which of the following mechanisms?

Accepted Answer

Gated ion channels and membrane potential changes

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the function of carrier proteins in facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

They use conformational changes to transport specific solutes along their concentration gradient.

Question 11

Which process is responsible for the movement of water across a semipermeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to high solute concentration?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis

Question 12

What is the main difference between simple diffusion and facilitated diffusion?

Accepted Answer

Facilitated diffusion requires membrane proteins, while simple diffusion does not.

Question 13

Which of the following is an example of coupled transport?

Accepted Answer

Na$^+$/glucose cotransporter using the Na$^+$ gradient to import glucose against its concentration gradient

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why the sodium-potassium pump is essential for nerve impulse transmission?

Accepted Answer

It maintains the membrane potential by creating a charge difference across the membrane.

Question 15

A cell is placed in an isotonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

It will remain the same size.

Question 16

Which of the following is TRUE about gated channel proteins?

Accepted Answer

They open in response to specific stimuli such as voltage, ligands, or mechanical pressure.

Question 17

Which of the following is a direct result of the action of the sodium-potassium pump?

Accepted Answer

A net negative charge inside the cell relative to the outside

Question 18

Which of the following transport mechanisms is most likely to be used for the rapid movement of water across kidney tubule cells?

Accepted Answer

Aquaporin channel proteins

Question 19

Which of the following statements about membrane potential is correct?

Accepted Answer

It is the difference in charge between the inside and outside of the cell.

Question 20

Which of the following best describes the movement of glucose into intestinal epithelial cells via the Na$^+$/glucose cotransporter?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is transported against its concentration gradient using the energy stored in the Na$^+$ gradient.

Lipids, Membranes, and Membrane Transport: Study Notes for General Biology

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