$$\text{Net movement of water}: \text{from}~[\text{low solute}]~\text{to}~[\text{high solute}]$$

Question 1

Which property of water is primarily responsible for the formation of a meniscus in a glass tube?

Accepted Answer

Adhesion

Question 2

Which of the following best describes a macromolecule?

Accepted Answer

A large organic polymer made of repeating subunits

Question 3

A mutation changes a single amino acid in the primary structure of a protein. What is the most likely consequence?

Accepted Answer

The protein's secondary and tertiary structures may be altered, affecting its function

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins in cells?

Accepted Answer

Storing genetic information

Question 5

Which type of chemical bond involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?

Accepted Answer

Covalent bond

Question 6

Why do nonpolar molecules such as oil not dissolve in water?

Accepted Answer

Water molecules are more stable interacting with themselves than with nonpolar molecules

Question 7

Which of the following macromolecules is composed of monosaccharide monomers?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates

Question 8

A cell is placed in a hypertonic solution. What will happen to the cell?

Accepted Answer

Water will flow out of the cell, causing it to shrink

Question 9

Which of the following correctly matches a macromolecule with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acid – Nucleotide

Question 10

Which equation best represents the process of osmosis across a selectively permeable membrane?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Net movement of water}: 	ext{from}~[	ext{low solute}]~	ext{to}~[	ext{high solute}]$$

Question 11

Which of the following statements about DNA structure is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA strands are antiparallel and held together by hydrogen bonds between complementary bases

Question 12

Which of the following is a property of water that is critical for life?

Accepted Answer

Formation of hydrogen bonds leading to cohesion and surface tension

Question 13

Which macromolecule is most directly involved in catalyzing chemical reactions in cells?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why ice floats on water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds in ice create a crystal structure that is less dense than liquid water

Question 15

Which of the following is true about the R-groups (side chains) of amino acids?

Accepted Answer

R-groups determine the chemical properties and interactions of amino acids

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct statement about lipids?

Accepted Answer

Lipids are defined by their hydrophobic properties and include fats, phospholipids, and steroids

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the difference between starch and cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Both are polysaccharides, but differ in the type of glycosidic bonds and resulting structure

Question 18

Which of the following equations correctly represents the formation of a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{Amino group}~(\ce{NH2}) + 	ext{Carboxyl group}~(\ce{COOH}) ightarrow 	ext{Peptide bond}~(\ce{CONH}) + \ce{H2O}$$

Question 19

Which of the following is a real-world example of the importance of osmosis in biology?

Accepted Answer

Osmosis regulates water balance in red blood cells, preventing them from shrinking or bursting

Macromolecules and Chemistry Foundations in Biology

Study Guide - Practice Questions