Question 1

Which of the following is an advantage of storing glucose in a branched formation, as seen in glycogen?

Accepted Answer

It enables rapid mobilization of glucose because enzymes can act on multiple ends simultaneously.

Question 2

In starch, glycogen, and cellulose, the glucose monomers are linked by different types of glycosidic bonds. Which type of bond is found in cellulose?

Accepted Answer

Beta-1,4-glycosidic bond

Question 3

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have only single bonds, allowing their hydrocarbon tails to pack closely together.

Question 4

A triacylglycerol is formed by a dehydration reaction between which functional groups?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl group of glycerol and carboxyl group of fatty acid

Question 5

Which of the following statements about phospholipids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipids have two fatty acid tails and a phosphate-containing head group.

Question 6

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for speeding up chemical reactions in cells?

Accepted Answer

Proteins (enzymes)

Question 7

A protein's primary structure is determined by:

Accepted Answer

The sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

Question 8

Which type of interaction is NOT involved in stabilizing the tertiary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bonds

Question 9

Sickle-cell disease is caused by a substitution of valine for glutamic acid in hemoglobin. Which level(s) of protein structure does this most directly affect?

Accepted Answer

Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 11

Which nitrogenous base is found only in RNA and not in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Uracil

Question 12

The backbone of a nucleic acid polymer is formed by which type of bond?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct complementary base pairing in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Guanine pairs with cytosine

Question 14

If a DNA strand has the sequence 5'-ATCG-3', what is the sequence of the complementary strand?

Accepted Answer

3'-TAGC-5'

Question 15

Which of the following statements about unsaturated fatty acids is true?

Accepted Answer

They have one or more double bonds, causing kinks in the tail.

Question 16

Which macromolecule stores and transmits genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 17

Which of the following is a real-world example of a lipid with high unsaturation?

Accepted Answer

Olive oil

Question 18

If a protein is exposed to extreme heat or pH, what is most likely to happen?

Accepted Answer

It will denature, losing its higher-level structure and function.

Question 19

Which of the following equations correctly represents the formation of a peptide bond between two amino acids?

Accepted Answer

$$\mathrm{Amino\ acid}_1 + \mathrm{Amino\ acid}_2 \rightarrow \mathrm{Dipeptide} + H_2O$$

Macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids

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