Hydrogen bonding between parallel, unbranched chains of $eta$-glucose monomers

$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes the difference between an aldose and a ketose sugar?

Accepted Answer

An aldose has a carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain, while a ketose has it within the chain.

Question 2

Which process is responsible for the formation of a glycosidic linkage between two monosaccharides?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reaction

Question 3

Cellulose is a polysaccharide composed of glucose monomers. Which feature gives cellulose its structural strength in plant cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonding between parallel, unbranched chains of $eta$-glucose monomers

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct molecular formula for a monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$C_6H_{12}O_6$

Question 5

A patient is found to have a diet high in trans fats. Which process is most likely responsible for the formation of trans fats in their food?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogenation of unsaturated fats

Question 6

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in aqueous environments?

Accepted Answer

Their amphipathic nature, with hydrophilic heads facing water and hydrophobic tails facing each other

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 8

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains thymine, while RNA contains uracil.

Question 9

A scientist is analyzing a sample and finds a molecule with a four-ring carbon structure. Which type of macromolecule is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Steroid

Question 10

Which of the following correctly describes the directionality of DNA strands?

Accepted Answer

The two strands run antiparallel, one 5' to 3' and the other 3' to 5'.

Question 11

Which of the following is an essential fatty acid that must be obtained from the diet?

Accepted Answer

Omega-3 fatty acid

Question 12

Which type of linkage connects nucleotides in a nucleic acid polymer?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester linkage

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct summary of the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$

Question 14

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

Their fatty acid chains are straight, allowing tight packing.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct description of a dehydration reaction?

Accepted Answer

It removes a water molecule to form a new bond between monomers.

Question 16

Which of the following polysaccharides is used for energy storage in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 17

A mutation causes a cell to produce a phospholipid with three fatty acid tails and no phosphate group. Which property would most likely be affected?

Accepted Answer

The ability to form a bilayer in water

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of DNA as proposed by Watson and Crick?

Accepted Answer

DNA is a double helix with complementary base pairing between strands.

Question 19

Which of the following molecules is amphipathic and a major component of biological membranes?

Accepted Answer

Phospholipid

Macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids, and Lipids – Structure, Function, and Biological Roles

Study Guide - Practice Questions