Q: Which of the following is a correct description of the central dogma of molecular biology?

$\text{DNA} \rightarrow \text{RNA} \rightarrow \text{Protein}$

Question 1

Which of the following statements correctly describes the difference between an aldose and a ketose monosaccharide?

Accepted Answer

An aldose has a carbonyl group at the end of the carbon chain, while a ketose has a carbonyl group within the carbon chain.

Question 2

Which of the following is the general molecular formula for carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

$C_nH_{2n}O_n$

Question 3

Which process is responsible for the synthesis of polymers from monomers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reaction

Question 4

Cellulose is a polysaccharide that provides structural support in plants. Which feature of cellulose is responsible for its strength?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonding between parallel, unbranched chains of $\beta$-glucose monomers

Question 5

Which of the following correctly matches the macromolecule with its monomer?

Accepted Answer

Proteins — Amino acids

Question 6

A patient is found to have high levels of trans fats in their diet. Which process is most likely responsible for the formation of trans fats in food products?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogenation of unsaturated fats

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the amphipathic nature of phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

They have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Question 8

Which type of glycosidic linkage is found in starch, and how does it affect the structure of the polymer?

Accepted Answer

$\alpha$-1,4 linkage; causes the polymer to form a helical structure

Question 9

Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 10

Which of the following statements about DNA and RNA is correct?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains thymine, while RNA contains uracil.

Question 11

A scientist isolates a nucleotide with the following structure: a ribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a uracil base. Which type of nucleic acid will this nucleotide be found in?

Accepted Answer

RNA

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why saturated fats are solid at room temperature while unsaturated fats are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have straight hydrocarbon chains that pack tightly together, while unsaturated fats have kinks due to double bonds that prevent tight packing.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct description of the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$

Question 14

Which of the following is true about the antiparallel nature of DNA?

Accepted Answer

The two strands run in opposite directions: one 5' to 3', the other 3' to 5'.

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of polysaccharides in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Energy storage and structural support

Question 16

Which of the following correctly describes the structure of a phospholipid?

Accepted Answer

A glycerol backbone, two fatty acid tails, and a phosphate group

Question 17

Which of the following is a consequence of hydrogen bonding between parallel cellulose molecules in plant cell walls?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose fibers gain strength to support plant structure.

Question 18

Which of the following is a precursor for steroid hormones in animals?

Accepted Answer

Cholesterol

Question 19

Which of the following bonds connects nucleotides in a nucleic acid polymer?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester linkage

Macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Nucleic Acids, and Lipids – Study Notes for General Biology

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