Q: Which of the following best explains why cellulose is difficult for most animals to digest?

It is composed of glucose monomers linked by $$eta-$$glycosidic bonds.

Question 1

Which property of carbon allows it to form the backbone of macromolecules essential for life?

Accepted Answer

It has four valence electrons, allowing it to form up to four covalent bonds.

Question 2

Which of the following best describes a dehydration synthesis reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that forms polymers from monomers by removing a water molecule.

Question 3

Which macromolecule is NOT typically considered a true polymer?

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Question 4

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that affects the formation of peptide bonds. Which biological process is most likely impaired?

Accepted Answer

Formation of proteins from amino acids

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct structural feature of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base

Question 6

Which type of bond is responsible for the secondary structure of proteins?

Accepted Answer

Hydrogen bonds between backbone atoms

Question 7

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fatty acids is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids have at least one double bond in their hydrocarbon chain.

Question 8

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for storing genetic information?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids

Question 9

A scientist is analyzing a molecule with the formula $$C_6H_{12}O_6$. Which class of macromolecule does this molecule most likely belong to?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of phospholipids in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Forming the structural basis of cell membranes

Question 11

Which process is the reverse of dehydration synthesis and is used to break down polymers into monomers?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why cellulose is difficult for most animals to digest?

Accepted Answer

It is composed of glucose monomers linked by $$eta-$$glycosidic bonds.

Question 13

Which of the following is a correct pairing of nitrogenous bases in DNA?

Accepted Answer

Cytosine pairs with guanine

Question 14

A protein loses its three-dimensional structure when exposed to high temperature or extreme pH. What is this process called?

Accepted Answer

Denaturation

Question 15

Which of the following is a function of proteins in living organisms?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing biochemical reactions as enzymes

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct description of a phosphodiester bond?

Accepted Answer

A bond linking the sugar and phosphate groups in nucleic acids

Question 17

Which of the following is a correct statement about the structure of DNA?

Accepted Answer

It consists of two strands held together by hydrogen bonds between nitrogenous bases.

Question 18

Which of the following is a real-world example of a carbohydrate used for energy storage in animals?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the hydrophobic nature of lipids?

Accepted Answer

Lipids do not mix with water because their hydrocarbon chains are nonpolar.

Question 20

A researcher is studying a molecule that contains a central carbon atom bonded to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable R group. What type of molecule is this?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid

Macromolecules: Major Building Blocks of Life

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