Question 1

Which of the following macromolecules is NOT considered a true polymer, and why?

Accepted Answer

Lipids, because they are formed from diverse molecules that do not consist of repeating monomer units.

Question 2

Which process is responsible for joining monomers together to form polymers in biological systems?

Accepted Answer

Dehydration reaction, which removes a water molecule to form a covalent bond between monomers.

Question 3

A patient is unable to digest cellulose but can digest starch. What is the most likely explanation for this difference?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose contains $$\beta-1$$,4 glycosidic linkages, which human enzymes cannot break, while starch contains $$\alpha-1$$,4 linkages that are digestible.

Question 4

Which of the following correctly matches the macromolecule with its primary function?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic acids: store and transmit genetic information

Question 5

What is the monomer unit of proteins, and what type of bond links these monomers together?

Accepted Answer

Amino acids; peptide bonds

Question 6

Which of the following statements about triglycerides is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They are formed by joining three fatty acids to one glycerol molecule via ester bonds.

Question 7

A mutation changes a single amino acid in the primary structure of hemoglobin. What is a possible consequence?

Accepted Answer

It may alter the protein's tertiary and quaternary structure, potentially leading to diseases such as sickle cell anemia.

Question 8

Which of the following best describes the structure of a nucleotide?

Accepted Answer

A phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base

Question 9

Which type of bond forms the backbone of DNA and RNA polymers?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond between the phosphate group and the pentose sugar

Question 10

Which of the following is a function of cholesterol in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It influences the rigidity and fluidity of cell membranes.

Question 11

Which process breaks down polymers into monomers by adding water?

Accepted Answer

Hydrolysis

Question 12

Which of the following is TRUE about phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

They have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, forming the basis of cell membranes.

Question 13

Which of the following correctly pairs a polysaccharide with its biological role?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen: energy storage in animals

Question 14

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fatty acids is correct?

Accepted Answer

Unsaturated fatty acids contain one or more double bonds, causing kinks in their structure.

Question 15

Which of the following is a consequence of protein denaturation?

Accepted Answer

Loss of protein shape and function

Question 16

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for catalyzing chemical reactions in cells?

Accepted Answer

Proteins (enzymes)

Question 17

Which of the following is a difference between DNA and RNA?

Accepted Answer

DNA contains deoxyribose sugar, while RNA contains ribose sugar.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the central dogma of molecular biology?

Accepted Answer

$$	ext{DNA} ightarrow 	ext{RNA} ightarrow 	ext{Protein}$$

Question 19

Which of the following is TRUE about the structure of starch and glycogen?

Accepted Answer

Both are composed of $$\alpha-$$glucose monomers and serve as energy storage molecules.

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct statement about the formation of a peptide bond?

Accepted Answer

A peptide bond forms between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another, releasing a molecule of water.

Macromolecules: Structure and Function in Biology

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