Question 1

Which of the following best describes the process of polymerization in biological macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

It involves the removal of a water molecule to form a new bond between monomers. $A + B \rightarrow AB + H_2O$

Question 2

A patient is diagnosed with a genetic disorder that prevents the formation of glycosidic linkages. Which biological macromolecule would be most directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrates, because glycosidic linkages connect monosaccharides to form disaccharides and polysaccharides.

Question 3

Which of the following statements about saturated and unsaturated fats is correct?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have no double bonds in their hydrocarbon chains and pack closely together at room temperature.

Question 4

Which of the following best explains why phospholipids form bilayers in water?

Accepted Answer

They have hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails, causing them to arrange with heads facing water and tails facing inward.

Question 5

A biochemist is analyzing a molecule with the following structure: a central carbon atom bonded to an amino group, a carboxyl group, a hydrogen atom, and a variable R group. What type of monomer is this?

Accepted Answer

Amino acid

Question 6

Which of the following is a correct description of a dehydration reaction?

Accepted Answer

A reaction that removes a water molecule to form a covalent bond between two monomers.

Question 7

Which of the following best describes the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The unique sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide chain.

Question 8

A mutation causes a protein to lose its tertiary structure but retain its primary and secondary structures. Which of the following is most likely to be affected?

Accepted Answer

The protein's overall three-dimensional shape and function.

Question 9

Which of the following is a function of nucleic acids in cells?

Accepted Answer

Storing and transmitting hereditary information.

Question 10

Which of the following correctly matches a macromolecule with its monomer and the type of bond that links the monomers?

Accepted Answer

Protein – amino acid – peptide bond

Question 11

A researcher is studying a molecule that consists of a glycerol backbone attached to three fatty acids. Which type of macromolecule is this?

Accepted Answer

Fat (triacylglycerol)

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why cholesterol is important in animal cells?

Accepted Answer

It is a steroid that is a crucial component of cell membranes and a precursor for hormone synthesis.

Question 13

Which of the following is true about the structure of nucleic acids?

Accepted Answer

Nucleotides are joined by phosphodiester linkages to form a polymer.

Question 14

A person is unable to digest lactose due to a deficiency in the enzyme lactase. Which type of bond is this enzyme unable to break?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic bond between galactose and glucose

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the difference between a disaccharide and a polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

A disaccharide consists of two monosaccharides, while a polysaccharide consists of many monosaccharides.

Question 16

Which of the following is a real-life example of a protein's function in the human body?

Accepted Answer

Hemoglobin transports oxygen in the blood.

Question 17

Which of the following best describes the quaternary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The association of two or more polypeptide subunits to form a functional protein.

Question 18

Which of the following best explains why unsaturated fats are liquid at room temperature?

Accepted Answer

The presence of double bonds creates kinks in the hydrocarbon chains, preventing tight packing.

Question 19

A scientist is studying a macromolecule that stores genetic information and is composed of nucleotides. Which type of bond links the monomers in this macromolecule?

Accepted Answer

Phosphodiester bond

Macromolecules: Structure, Function, and Biological Importance

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