$$DNA \rightarrow RNA \rightarrow \text{protein}$$

Question 1

Which of the following statements best describes a condensation (dehydration) reaction in the formation of macromolecules?

Accepted Answer

It forms a covalent bond between two monomers by removing a water molecule.

Question 2

Which class of macromolecules is NOT considered a polymer?

Accepted Answer

Lipids

Question 3

A mutation in the DNA sequence of a gene can lead to which of the following outcomes in the corresponding protein?

Accepted Answer

A change in the primary structure, potentially altering the protein's three-dimensional shape and function.

Question 4

Which of the following is a correct general formula for carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

$$(CH_2O)_n$$

Question 5

Why are saturated fats solid at room temperature while unsaturated fats are liquid?

Accepted Answer

Saturated fats have only single bonds in their fatty acid tails, allowing molecules to pack tightly.

Question 6

Which of the following best explains the evolutionary advantage of lactose tolerance in certain human populations?

Accepted Answer

It allowed adults to digest milk, providing a reliable source of nutrition in environments where dairy farming was common.

Question 7

Which of the following is a function of glycoproteins and glycolipids on the cell surface?

Accepted Answer

Cell communication

Question 8

What is the main structural difference between starch and cellulose that affects their digestibility?

Accepted Answer

The covalent linkages between glucose monomers differ, making cellulose harder to hydrolyze.

Question 9

Which of the following is true about phospholipids?

Accepted Answer

They are amphipathic, with hydrophilic heads and hydrophobic tails.

Question 10

Which of the following is a correct description of hydrolysis reactions?

Accepted Answer

They break covalent bonds between monomers by adding water.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT a role of proteins in cells?

Accepted Answer

Long-term energy storage

Question 12

Which of the following is a polymer of nucleotides?

Accepted Answer

DNA

Question 13

What is the primary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The linear sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain

Question 14

Which of the following factors can denature a protein?

Accepted Answer

Extreme pH or high temperature

Question 15

Which of the following is true about the Miller-Urey experiment?

Accepted Answer

It demonstrated that key organic molecules could be produced abiotically under simulated early Earth conditions.

Question 16

Which of the following is a correct sequence for the flow of genetic information in cells?

Accepted Answer

$$DNA ightarrow RNA ightarrow 	ext{protein}$$

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a mutualistic relationship involving carbohydrate digestion?

Accepted Answer

Cellulose-digesting bacteria in a cow's rumen

Question 18

Which of the following is an essential amino acid for humans?

Accepted Answer

Leucine

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the tertiary structure of a protein?

Accepted Answer

The overall three-dimensional shape formed by interactions between R-groups of amino acids

Question 20

Which of the following is a major component of fungal cell walls and arthropod exoskeletons?

Accepted Answer

Chitin

Macromolecules: Structure, Function, and Biological Importance

Study Guide - Practice Questions