Question 1

Which of the following is NOT one of the four main types of biological macromolecules acquired from the diet?

Accepted Answer

Vitamins

Question 2

Which process is primarily responsible for breaking down macromolecules into smaller components for cellular use?

Accepted Answer

Enzymatic hydrolysis

Question 3

Starch is the primary energy storage molecule in plants. Which enzyme is required for its digestion in humans?

Accepted Answer

Amylase

Question 4

Which statement best explains why glycogen is a more suitable energy storage molecule for animals than starch?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is more highly branched, allowing for faster release of glucose.

Question 5

Which of the following is a correct equation for the hydrolysis of a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

$C_{12}H_{22}O_{11} + H_{2}O \rightarrow 2C_{6}H_{12}O_{6}$

Question 6

Why are unsaturated fats considered healthier than saturated fats?

Accepted Answer

They promote the production of HDL cholesterol, which removes LDL cholesterol from blood.

Question 7

Which of the following statements about proteins is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

All proteins are made from only 10 different amino acids.

Question 8

A patient is found to have high levels of LDL cholesterol. Which dietary change would most likely help reduce their LDL levels?

Accepted Answer

Increase intake of unsaturated fats such as olive oil.

Question 9

Which macromolecule is primarily responsible for the transport of nutrients and signaling within the body?

Accepted Answer

Proteins

Question 10

Cellulose is a major component of plant cell walls. Why can't humans digest cellulose efficiently?

Accepted Answer

Humans lack the enzyme cellulase required to break down cellulose.

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the structure of a triglyceride?

Accepted Answer

One glycerol molecule bonded to three fatty acids

Question 12

Which macromolecule is the primary energy source for all cells?

Accepted Answer

Glucose (a carbohydrate)

Question 13

Which of the following is a function of HDL cholesterol in the body?

Accepted Answer

Removes LDL cholesterol from the bloodstream

Question 14

Which of the following statements about glycogen is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

Glycogen is not water-soluble and is stored in the muscle and liver.

Question 15

Which of the following is a correct multi-step process for the digestion of dietary starch?

Accepted Answer

Starch $\xrightarrow{amylase}$ maltose $\xrightarrow{maltase}$ glucose

Question 16

Which of the following is a reason why fats provide more energy per gram than carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Fats have more carbon-hydrogen bonds, which release more energy upon oxidation.

Question 17

A person consumes excess glucose. What is the sequence of events for energy storage in the body?

Accepted Answer

Glucose is converted to glycogen; when glycogen stores are full, excess glucose is converted to fat.

Question 18

Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between genes and proteins?

Accepted Answer

Each gene codes for a unique protein, and proteins can be modified to have new functions.

Question 19

Which of the following is a plausible consequence of a diet high in saturated fats?

Accepted Answer

Increased production of LDL cholesterol, leading to buildup in arteries

Question 20

Which of the following is a correct description of enzymatic hydrolysis?

Accepted Answer

The process by which enzymes use water to break bonds in macromolecules

Macromolecules: Structure, Function, and Digestion in General Biology

Study Guide - Practice Questions