Question 1

Which functional group is responsible for making molecules polar and hydrophilic, and is commonly found in alcohols?

Accepted Answer

Hydroxyl ($-OH$)

Question 2

A molecule has a long chain of carbon and hydrogen atoms with very few oxygen atoms. Which type of organic molecule is this most likely to be?

Accepted Answer

Lipid

Question 3

Which of the following is a correct example of a monomer and its corresponding polymer?

Accepted Answer

Glucose and starch

Question 4

A student observes a molecule with a ring structure and many $-OH$ groups attached. What type of molecule is this most likely?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 5

Which functional group acts as a base and is found in amino acids?

Accepted Answer

Amino ($-NH_2$)

Question 6

Which element is present in proteins but not in carbohydrates or lipids?

Accepted Answer

Sulfur (S)

Question 7

A molecule contains a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base, and a sugar. What type of molecule is this?

Accepted Answer

Nucleic Acid

Question 8

Which of the following best describes a polysaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Many monosaccharides linked together

Question 9

Which functional group is acidic and found in both amino acids and fatty acids?

Accepted Answer

Carboxyl ($-COOH$)

Question 10

A molecule is described as nonpolar and hydrophobic, and is used for energy storage and insulation. Which type of molecule is this?

Accepted Answer

Lipid

Question 11

Which of the following is a correct chemical formula for a carbohydrate, based on the 1:2:1 ratio?

Accepted Answer

$C_6H_{12}O_6$

Question 12

Which type of bond links two monosaccharides together to form a disaccharide?

Accepted Answer

Glycosidic bond

Question 13

A molecule contains both an amino group ($-NH_2$) and a carboxyl group ($-COOH$). What type of molecule is this most likely?

Accepted Answer

Protein (amino acid)

Question 14

Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids?

Accepted Answer

Catalyzing chemical reactions

Question 15

Which functional group is responsible for forming disulfide bridges in proteins, contributing to their structure?

Accepted Answer

Sulfhydryl ($-SH$)

Question 16

Which of the following best describes a polymer?

Accepted Answer

A large molecule made of many monomers joined together

Question 17

Which element is found in nucleic acids but not in proteins or carbohydrates?

Accepted Answer

Phosphorus (P)

Question 18

A molecule is described as polar, has a 1:2:1 ratio of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen, and is used for quick energy. What type of molecule is this?

Accepted Answer

Carbohydrate

Question 19

Which of the following is a correct example of a polysaccharide and its function?

Accepted Answer

Starch; energy storage in plants

Question 20

Which functional group is found in sugars and is polar?

Accepted Answer

Carbonyl ($-C=O$)

Major Organic Molecules and Functional Groups in Biology

Study Guide - Practice Questions