Question 1

Which of the following best describes the main purpose of meiosis in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

To reduce the chromosome number by half, creating genetic diversity in gametes

Question 2

During which stage of meiosis does crossing over most commonly occur, and what is its significance?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I; it increases genetic variation by exchanging DNA between homologous chromosomes

Question 3

If a diploid cell contains 24 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each gamete have after meiosis?

Accepted Answer

12

Question 4

Which of the following equations correctly represents the number of possible unique gametes produced by an individual with the genotype AaBbCc (assuming independent assortment)?

Accepted Answer

$2^3$

Question 5

A woman who is heterozygous for a recessive X-linked disorder marries a man who does not have the disorder. What is the probability that their son will have the disorder?

Accepted Answer

$0.25$

Question 6

Which of the following best explains Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for different genes segregate independently during gamete formation

Question 7

In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals (AaBb x AaBb), what is the expected phenotypic ratio among the offspring?

Accepted Answer

9:3:3:1

Question 8

Which of the following scenarios is an example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with AB blood type expressing both A and B antigens equally

Question 9

A pedigree shows a trait that appears in every generation and affects both males and females equally. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal dominant

Question 10

If a cell at the end of meiosis I contains 10 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each cell have at the end of meiosis II?

Accepted Answer

5

Question 11

Which of the following best describes the difference between incomplete dominance and codominance?

Accepted Answer

Incomplete dominance results in a blend of traits, while codominance results in both traits being fully expressed

Question 12

A man with genotype AaBbCCdd marries a woman with genotype AaBbCcDd. What is the probability that their child will have the genotype AABbCcDd? (Assume independent assortment.)

Accepted Answer

$\frac{1}{32}$

Question 13

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They carry the same genes but may have different alleles

Question 14

A pedigree shows that only males are affected by a certain trait, and the trait is never passed from father to son. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

X-linked recessive

Question 15

Which of the following best explains why genetic variation is important in sexually reproducing populations?

Accepted Answer

It allows populations to adapt to changing environments

Question 16

If a woman with blood type AB has a child with a man with blood type O, what are the possible blood types of their child?

Accepted Answer

A or B

Question 17

Which of the following is true regarding the amount of DNA in a cell during the stages of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

The amount of DNA is halved after meiosis I

Question 18

A couple, both carriers for cystic fibrosis (an autosomal recessive disorder), have a child. What is the probability that their child will have cystic fibrosis?

Accepted Answer

$\frac{1}{4}$

Question 19

Which of the following best describes the difference between autosomes and sex chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Autosomes determine most traits except those related to sex, while sex chromosomes determine an individual's sex

Question 20

In a three-factor cross involving genes A, B, and C, what is the probability of obtaining an offspring with genotype AaBbcc from parents AaBbCc x AaBbCc? (Assume independent assortment.)

Accepted Answer

$\frac{1}{16}$

Meiosis and Genetics: Structured Study Notes

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards