Question 1

Which of the following best describes the difference between asexual and sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Asexual reproduction involves a single parent and produces offspring identical to the parent, while sexual reproduction involves two parents and produces genetically unique offspring.

Question 2

What is the specific location of a gene on a chromosome called?

Accepted Answer

Locus

Question 3

If a human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes are present in a human gamete?

Accepted Answer

$$23$$

Question 4

During which phase of meiosis does crossing over occur, and what is its significance?

Accepted Answer

Prophase I; it increases genetic variation by exchanging DNA between homologous chromosomes.

Question 5

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is correct?

Accepted Answer

They carry genes controlling the same characteristics at the same loci.

Question 6

A cell in G1 contains $$20\ \mathrm{fg} of $$DNA. How much DNA would you expect to find in each gamete produced from this cell after meiosis?

Accepted Answer

$$10\ \mathrm{fg}$$

Question 7

Which event does NOT occur during mitosis but does occur during meiosis I?

Accepted Answer

Synapsis and crossing over

Question 8

If a cell contains $$30\ \mathrm{fg} of $$DNA in G2, how much DNA is present during metaphase II of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

$$15\ \mathrm{fg}$$

Question 9

Which process restores the diploid number of chromosomes in the human life cycle?

Accepted Answer

Fertilization

Question 10

Which of the following contributes most directly to genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over during prophase I

Question 11

A karyotype is useful for which of the following purposes?

Accepted Answer

Visualizing the number and structure of chromosomes in a cell

Question 12

Which of the following best explains why siblings from the same parents can look very different from each other?

Accepted Answer

Independent assortment and crossing over during meiosis create unique combinations of genes in gametes.

Question 13

During metaphase I of meiosis, what is the arrangement of chromosomes at the metaphase plate?

Accepted Answer

Homologous pairs align as tetrads.

Question 14

Which of the following is true about the sex chromosomes in humans?

Accepted Answer

Females have XX chromosomes (homologous), and males have XY chromosomes (non-homologous).

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the outcome of meiosis II?

Accepted Answer

Four haploid cells, each genetically different

Question 16

If a cell starts meiosis with $$2n = 4$$ chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each daughter cell have at the end of meiosis II?

Accepted Answer

$$2$$

Question 17

Which of the following events increases genetic diversity during sexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

Random fertilization of gametes

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

They are always inherited from the same parent.

Question 19

During which stage of meiosis are sister chromatids separated?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase II

Question 20

A cell contains $$20\ \mathrm{fg} of $$DNA in metaphase I. How much DNA was present in the original G1 cell?

Accepted Answer

$$10\ \mathrm{fg}$$

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles: Genetics, Chromosomes, and Genetic Variation

Study Guide - Practice Questions

Study Guide - Flashcards