Question 1

Which of the following best explains why offspring produced by sexual reproduction are genetically different from their parents?

Accepted Answer

Because independent assortment, crossing over, and random fertilization create new combinations of alleles.

Question 2

A strawberry plant can reproduce both sexually and asexually. If the diploid number of chromosomes in the plant is 14, how many chromosomes are present in each gamete produced by meiosis?

Accepted Answer

$$7$$

Question 3

Which of the following events occurs during Prophase I of meiosis but not during mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over between homologous chromosomes.

Question 4

If a cell with a diploid number of $$2n = 36$$ undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes will each gamete contain at the end of meiosis II?

Accepted Answer

1 set of chromosomes for a total of 18 chromosomes

Question 5

Which process is responsible for the separation of homologous chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase I of meiosis

Question 6

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They carry the same genes but may have different alleles.

Question 7

During which phase of meiosis do sister chromatids separate and move to opposite poles?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase II

Question 8

Which of the following mechanisms does NOT contribute to genetic variation in sexually reproducing organisms?

Accepted Answer

Replication of DNA during S phase

Question 9

A human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes. How many chromosomes are present in a human gamete?

Accepted Answer

$$23$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes the evolutionary advantage of sexual reproduction according to the Red Queen Hypothesis?

Accepted Answer

It increases genetic variation, helping populations adapt to changing environments.

Question 11

Which of the following statements about sister chromatids is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

They come together during fertilization.

Question 12

If a species has a haploid number of $$n = 8$$, how many different combinations of chromosomes are possible in its gametes due to independent assortment alone?

Accepted Answer

$$2^8 = 256$

Question 13

Which of the following is unique to meiosis and does NOT occur in mitosis?

Accepted Answer

Synapsis and crossing over between homologous chromosomes

Question 14

Which of the following best describes the alternation of fertilization and meiosis in the human life cycle?

Accepted Answer

Fertilization restores the diploid number by fusing two haploid gametes.

Question 15

Which of the following statements about the chromosomes in each daughter cell at the end of meiosis I is correct?

Accepted Answer

The sister chromatids of each duplicated chromosome are no longer identical.

Question 16

Which of the following is a direct result of crossing over during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Production of recombinant chromosomes

Question 17

Which of the following best describes a karyotype?

Accepted Answer

An ordered display of the chromosomes from a cell

Question 18

Which of the following statements about gametes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They contain half the number of chromosomes as somatic cells.

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a method by which sexual reproduction increases genetic variation?

Accepted Answer

Replication of chromosomes during S phase

Question 20

A cell contains two homologous sets of chromosomes. Which of the following must be TRUE?

Accepted Answer

The cell is diploid.

Meiosis and Sexual Life Cycles: Mechanisms and Evolutionary Significance chpt.13

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