Question 1

Which of the following best describes the outcome of meiosis in humans?

Accepted Answer

Meiosis produces four haploid daughter cells, each genetically different from the parent cell.

Question 2

If a human somatic cell contains 46 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be found in a human gamete?

Accepted Answer

23

Question 3

Which term describes a cell with two sets of chromosomes, one from each parent?

Accepted Answer

Diploid

Question 4

During fertilization, what is the result of the fusion of two haploid gametes?

Accepted Answer

A zygote with a diploid chromosome number

Question 5

Which cellular process is responsible for producing the structure shown in Figure B (replicated chromosomes)?

Accepted Answer

DNA replication

Question 6

What is the formula for calculating the number of possible combinations of chromosomes due to independent assortment in a diploid organism?

Accepted Answer

$$2^n$$

Question 7

Which of the following statements about crossing over during meiosis is correct?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over occurs between homologous chromosomes and increases genetic variation.

Question 8

A karyotype is used to:

Accepted Answer

Identify the number and structure of chromosomes in a cell.

Question 9

Which of the following best explains why siblings from the same parents can look so different?

Accepted Answer

Independent assortment, crossing over, and random fertilization create genetic variation.

Question 10

In humans, how many genetically different children could two parents theoretically produce, considering independent assortment, random fertilization, and crossing over?

Accepted Answer

$$4.952 	imes 10$$^{27}$$

Question 11

Which of the following is true about mutations?

Accepted Answer

Mutations during meiosis can be passed to offspring, while those during mitosis usually cannot.

Question 12

What is the main advantage of internal fertilization compared to external fertilization?

Accepted Answer

Internal fertilization allows for greater protection of gametes and embryos.

Question 13

Which structure is responsible for carrying specific genes at specific locations on chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Loci

Question 14

What is the significance of the X and Y chromosomes in humans?

Accepted Answer

They are responsible for determining biological sex.

Question 15

Which of the following best describes the process of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

Non-homologous chromosomes randomly segregate into gametes, increasing genetic variation.

Question 16

If an onion cell has 12 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will be found in an onion gamete?

Accepted Answer

6

Question 17

Which of the following is NOT a result of meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Replication of DNA without cell division

Question 18

What is the best term for a chromosome that carries the same genes but possibly different alleles as another chromosome?

Accepted Answer

Homologous chromosome

Question 19

Which of the following is true about the arrangement of chromosomes in a karyotype?

Accepted Answer

Chromosomes are arranged by length, centromere position, and banding pattern.

Question 20

Which process is responsible for the recombination of alleles during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over

Meiosis Lab

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