Question 1

Which of the following best describes the outcome of meiosis in humans?

Accepted Answer

Four haploid cells that are genetically distinct from each other and the parent cell

Question 2

If a human cell with a diploid number of 46 chromosomes undergoes meiosis, how many chromosomes will each resulting gamete contain?

Accepted Answer

$$23$$

Question 3

Which process during meiosis is primarily responsible for generating new combinations of alleles within a chromosome?

Accepted Answer

Crossing over

Question 4

A karyotype of a human with Down syndrome shows three copies of chromosome 21. This condition is most likely caused by which meiotic error?

Accepted Answer

Nondisjunction

Question 5

Which of the following statements about homologous chromosomes is TRUE?

Accepted Answer

They contain the same genes in the same positions but may have different alleles

Question 6

During which phase of meiosis do homologous chromosomes separate?

Accepted Answer

Anaphase I

Question 7

If a diploid organism has a haploid number $$n = 8$$, what is the diploid number?

Accepted Answer

$$2n = 16$$

Question 8

Which event during meiosis increases genetic diversity by producing gametes with different combinations of maternal and paternal chromosomes?

Accepted Answer

Independent assortment

Question 9

A cell with three or more complete sets of chromosomes is described as:

Accepted Answer

Polyploid

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why gametes must be haploid?

Accepted Answer

To maintain a constant chromosome number across generations after fertilization

Question 11

Which of the following is a direct result of nondisjunction during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Gametes with either an extra or missing chromosome

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Both processes involve two rounds of cell division

Question 13

A human egg cell is fertilized by a sperm cell. What is the chromosome number of the resulting zygote?

Accepted Answer

$$2n$$

Question 14

Which of the following scenarios would most likely result in an individual with Turner syndrome (XO)?

Accepted Answer

A gamete missing a sex chromosome fertilizes a normal gamete

Question 15

Which of the following best describes a gene?

Accepted Answer

A section of DNA that influences a trait

Question 16

If nondisjunction occurs during meiosis II, what is the expected outcome?

Accepted Answer

Half of the gametes will have an abnormal chromosome number

Question 17

Which of the following is an example of a real-life consequence of errors in meiosis?

Accepted Answer

Down syndrome due to trisomy 21

Question 18

Which phase of meiosis is characterized by the formation of chiasmata and crossing over?

Accepted Answer

Late prophase I

Question 19

If a species has a diploid number of $$2n = 12$$, how many different combinations of chromosomes can be produced in its gametes by independent assortment alone?

Accepted Answer

$$2^6$$

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why siblings from the same parents can look different from each other?

Accepted Answer

Independent assortment and crossing over during meiosis create genetic diversity

Meiosis: Mechanisms and Genetic Consequences

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