Question 1

Which of the following best describes the 'fluid mosaic model' of cellular membranes?

Accepted Answer

A dynamic structure with proteins and lipids freely moving within a double layer of phospholipids.

Question 2

Which process requires energy input from the cell to move substances against their concentration gradient?

Accepted Answer

Active transport

Question 3

A plant cell uses a proton pump to create a high concentration of $\mathrm{H^+}$ outside the cell. This gradient is then used to transport sucrose into the cell via a cotransporter. Which type of transport is this an example of?

Accepted Answer

Cotransport (secondary active transport)

Question 4

Which of the following statements about the sodium-potassium pump is correct?

Accepted Answer

It uses ATP to move sodium and potassium ions against their concentration gradients.

Question 5

Which equation correctly represents the surface area to volume ratio ($SA:V$) for a rectangular block with dimensions $l$, $w$, and $h$?

Accepted Answer

$SA:V = \dfrac{2(lw + lh + wh)}{lwh}$

Question 6

Which type of microscopy would be most appropriate for observing the changes in shape of a living white blood cell?

Accepted Answer

Light microscopy (LM)

Question 7

What is the main difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus, prokaryotic cells have a nucleoid region.

Question 8

Which process involves the cellular uptake of large particles by engulfing them with extensions of the plasma membrane?

Accepted Answer

Phagocytosis

Question 9

A patient with familial hypercholesterolemia has defective LDL receptors. Which cellular process is directly affected?

Accepted Answer

Receptor-mediated endocytosis

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why cells are limited in size by their surface area to volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

As cells get larger, their volume increases faster than their surface area, limiting efficient exchange of materials.

Question 11

Which organelle is responsible for converting energy from one form to another in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Mitochondria

Question 12

Which of the following is NOT a function of the endomembrane system?

Accepted Answer

Synthesizing ATP via oxidative phosphorylation

Question 13

A scientist wants to isolate mitochondria from a cell sample. Which technique should they use?

Accepted Answer

Cell fractionation via differential centrifugation

Question 14

Which of the following statements about bulk transport is correct?

Accepted Answer

Bulk transport requires energy and involves vesicles to move large molecules.

Question 15

Which process is used by pancreatic cells to release insulin into the bloodstream?

Accepted Answer

Exocytosis

Question 16

Which of the following best describes receptor-mediated endocytosis?

Accepted Answer

Specific uptake of molecules via binding to cell surface receptors

Question 17

Which equation correctly represents the calculation of magnification in microscopy?

Accepted Answer

$	ext{Magnification} = \dfrac{	ext{Image size}}{	ext{Actual size}}$

Question 18

Which of the following is a function of the cytoskeleton in eukaryotic cells?

Accepted Answer

Organizing cell structures and facilitating movement

Question 19

A nerve cell is elongated and measures $125 	imes 1 	imes 1$ arbitrary units. What is its surface area to volume ratio?

Accepted Answer

$SA:V = \dfrac{2(125 	imes 1 + 125 	imes 1 + 1 	imes 1)}{125 	imes 1 	imes 1} = \dfrac{2(125 + 125 + 1)}{125} = \dfrac{2 	imes 251}{125} = 4.016$

sept 29 lecture

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