Question 1

Which of the following is NOT a specific experimental advantage of using garden peas as a model organism in Mendel's experiments?

Accepted Answer

They have multiple characters with distinct traits.

Question 2

Mendel’s Law of Segregation is best explained by which event during meiosis?

Accepted Answer

The separation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis I.

Question 3

A pea plant with genotype $$Yy is $$crossed with another $$Yy$$ plant. What is the expected genotypic ratio among the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$1:2:1 (YY$$:Yy:yy)

Question 4

In a dihybrid cross between two heterozygous pea plants ($$YyRr 	imes YyRr$$), what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 5

A woman with type AB blood and a man with type O blood have a child. What are the possible blood types of their child?

Accepted Answer

Type A or Type B

Question 6

Which of the following best describes codominance?

Accepted Answer

Both alleles are fully expressed in the heterozygote.

Question 7

A man with genotype $$I^A i$$ and a woman with genotype $$I^B i$$ have children. What is the probability that their child will have type O blood?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 8

Which of the following scenarios demonstrates incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A cross between red and white snapdragons produces pink offspring.

Question 9

In humans, albinism is a recessive trait. If two carriers (heterozygotes) have a child, what is the probability that the child will be albino?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 10

Which of the following best explains why Mendel observed a 3:1 phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation of a monohybrid cross?

Accepted Answer

The dominant allele masks the effect of the recessive allele in heterozygotes.

Question 11

A brown-furred dog (recessive trait) is born to two black-furred parents (black is dominant). What must be the genotype of both parents?

Accepted Answer

Both are heterozygous ($$Bb)$$

Question 12

Which of the following is a direct consequence of the Law of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for different genes are distributed to gametes independently.

Question 13

A true-breeding yellow, round-seeded pea plant ($$YYRR) is $$crossed with a true-breeding green, wrinkled-seeded plant ($$yyrr). $$What is the genotype of the F1 offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$YyRr$$

Question 14

Which of the following best describes a locus?

Accepted Answer

The specific location of a gene on a chromosome.

Question 15

A heterozygous purple-flowered pea plant ($$Pp) is $$self-pollinated. What percentage of the offspring will have white flowers?

Accepted Answer

25%

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of a non-Mendelian inheritance pattern?

Accepted Answer

A gene located on the X chromosome causing color blindness in humans.

Question 17

If a plant with genotype $$Aa is $$crossed with a plant with genotype $$aa$$, what is the probability that an offspring will be homozygous recessive?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{2}$$

Question 18

Which of the following statements about Mendel’s particulate theory of inheritance is correct?

Accepted Answer

Hereditary traits are determined by discrete units that are passed unchanged from one generation to the next.

Question 19

A cross between two heterozygous tall pea plants ($$Tt 	imes Tt) $$results in what phenotypic ratio among the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$3:1 ($$tall:short)

Question 20

Which of the following best explains why linked genes do not always follow the Law of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

They are located close together on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together.

Mendel and the Gene Idea: Patterns of Inheritance

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