Q: Which rule would you use to calculate the probability that a child will inherit two independent traits simultaneously?

Multiplication Rule: $$P(A \text{ and } B) = P(A) \times P(B)$$

Question 1

Which of the following best describes Mendel's 'particulate' hypothesis of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Parents pass on discrete units of inheritance, which we now call genes, to their offspring.

Question 2

In Mendel's pea plant experiments, what was the observed phenotypic ratio of purple to white flowers in the F$$_2$$ generation when crossing true-breeding purple and white plants?

Accepted Answer

$$3:1$$

Question 3

Which statement correctly distinguishes between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup, while phenotype refers to the physical appearance.

Question 4

A pea plant with genotype Pp is crossed with another plant with genotype pp. What is the expected ratio of purple to white flowers in the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$1:1 ($$purple:white)

Question 5

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A cross between red and white snapdragons produces pink flowers.

Question 6

If a plant is heterozygous for two genes (AaBb), what is the probability it will produce a gamete with the genotype ab, assuming independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 7

Which law states that alleles for different traits segregate independently during gamete formation?

Accepted Answer

Law of Independent Assortment

Question 8

In a testcross, a plant with the dominant phenotype is crossed with a homozygous recessive plant. If any offspring show the recessive phenotype, what can you conclude about the genotype of the dominant parent?

Accepted Answer

It must be heterozygous.

Question 9

A man with genotype AABbCc and a woman with genotype AaBbCc have a child. What is the probability that the child will have genotype AAbbCC?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{16}$$

Question 10

Which of the following best describes pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

A single gene affects multiple traits in an organism.

Question 11

In mice, coat color is determined by two genes: one gene (B/b) determines pigment color, and another gene (C/c) determines whether pigment is deposited. What is the expected phenotype of a mouse with genotype bbcc?

Accepted Answer

No pigment (white coat)

Question 12

Which of the following is an example of polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Human skin color, which shows a continuous range of variation.

Question 13

A carrier for a recessive genetic disease is:

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous, carrying one recessive allele but not showing symptoms.

Question 14

If two heterozygous parents (Bb) for a trait have children, what is the expected genotypic ratio among the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$1 BB$$ : $$2 Bb$$ : $$1 bb$$

Question 15

Which of the following scenarios demonstrates codominance?

Accepted Answer

A person with genotype IAIB has both A and B antigens on their red blood cells.

Question 16

A cross between BbWw and BBww dragons (B = black scales, b = green scales, W = short wings, w = long wings). What fraction of the offspring will have black scales and long wings?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 17

Which rule would you use to calculate the probability that a child will inherit two independent traits simultaneously?

Accepted Answer

Multiplication Rule: $$P(A 	ext{ and } B) = P(A) 	imes P(B)$$

Question 18

Which of the following statements about dominant alleles is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dominant alleles are not necessarily more common than recessive alleles in a population.

Question 19

Which of the following best explains why Mendel used pea plants for his genetic studies?

Accepted Answer

Pea plants have a short generation time, many distinct heritable traits, and mating can be controlled.

Mendel and the Gene Idea: Principles of Inheritance (Chapter 14 Study Notes)

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