Question 1

Which of the following best describes Mendel's 'particulate' hypothesis of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Parents pass on discrete units of inheritance that remain unchanged from generation to generation.

Question 2

In Mendel's pea plant experiments, what was the phenotypic ratio observed in the F$$_2$$ generation when crossing true-breeding purple and white flowered plants?

Accepted Answer

$$3:1 ($$purple:white)

Question 3

A pea plant with genotype $$Pp is $$crossed with another $$Pp$$ plant. What is the expected genotypic ratio in the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$1:2:1 (PP$$:Pp:pp)

Question 4

Which statement correctly distinguishes between genotype and phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Genotype refers to the genetic makeup, while phenotype refers to the physical appearance.

Question 5

If a plant with the dominant phenotype is crossed with a homozygous recessive plant and half the offspring show the recessive phenotype, what is the genotype of the dominant parent?

Accepted Answer

Heterozygous

Question 6

Which of the following best explains the Law of Segregation?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for a gene separate during meiosis so that each gamete receives only one allele.

Question 7

In a dihybrid cross between $$YyRr$$ and $$YyRr$$ pea plants, what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F$$_2$$ generation for independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 8

Which rule would you use to calculate the probability that a child will inherit two independent traits simultaneously?

Accepted Answer

Multiplication rule

Question 9

Black scales in dragons ($$B) $$are dominant to green ($$b$$), and short wings ($$W) $$are dominant to long ($$w). $$What fraction of the progeny from $$BbWw 	imes BBww$$ will have black scales and long wings?

Accepted Answer

$$1/4$$

Question 10

Given parents with genotypes Dad: $$AABbCc$$ and Mom: $$AaBbCc$$, what is the probability that their child will be $$AAbbCC$$?

Accepted Answer

$$1/16$$

Question 11

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A cross between red and white snapdragons produces pink flowers.

Question 12

Which of the following best describes codominance?

Accepted Answer

Both alleles contribute to the phenotype in distinct ways, such as AB blood type.

Question 13

A gene that affects multiple traits is said to exhibit which phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

Pleiotropy

Question 14

In mice, coat color depends on two genes: one for pigment color ($$B$$ for black, $$b$$ for brown) and one for pigment deposition ($$C$$ for color, $$c$$ for no color). What is the phenotype of a mouse with genotype $$bbcc$$?

Accepted Answer

Albino (no color)

Question 15

Which of the following is true about polygenic inheritance?

Accepted Answer

It involves multiple genes contributing to a single trait, resulting in continuous variation.

Question 16

Which statement about dominant alleles is correct?

Accepted Answer

Dominant alleles are not necessarily more common than recessive alleles.

Question 17

A pedigree shows a trait that appears only in homozygous individuals, but some family members carry the allele without showing the trait. What does this indicate?

Accepted Answer

The trait is recessive and some individuals are carriers.

Question 18

Which of the following best describes the Law of Independent Assortment?

Accepted Answer

Each pair of alleles segregates independently of other pairs during gamete formation.

Question 19

Which environmental factor can influence the phenotype of hydrangea flowers, even if their genotype is the same?

Accepted Answer

Soil pH

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a reason why human traits are more difficult to study using Mendelian principles compared to pea plants?

Accepted Answer

Human traits do not follow Mendelian inheritance.

Mendel & the Gene Idea: Principles of Inheritance (Chapter 14)

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