Question 1

Which of the following best describes Mendel’s Law of Segregation?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for a trait separate during gamete formation, so each gamete carries only one allele for each gene.

Question 2

In Mendel’s pea plant experiments, what was the phenotypic ratio observed in the F2 generation for flower color when crossing true-breeding purple and white plants?

Accepted Answer

$$3:1$$

Question 3

A testcross is performed between a pea plant with purple flowers of unknown genotype and a white-flowered plant. If half the offspring are purple and half are white, what is the genotype of the purple-flowered parent?

Accepted Answer

$$Pp$$

Question 4

Which rule of probability is used to calculate the chance of two independent events both occurring?

Accepted Answer

Rule of Multiplication (Product Rule)

Question 5

In a dihybrid cross between $$YyRr$$ and $$YyRr$$ pea plants, what is the expected phenotypic ratio in the F2 generation?

Accepted Answer

$$9:3:3:1$$

Question 6

Which of the following is an example of incomplete dominance?

Accepted Answer

A cross between red and white flowers producing pink flowers ($$C^RC^W)$$

Question 7

A person with genotype $$I^A I^B$$ for the ABO blood group will have which phenotype?

Accepted Answer

Type AB blood

Question 8

Which genetic concept explains why hydrangea flowers of the same genotype can be different colors depending on soil acidity?

Accepted Answer

Phenotypic plasticity

Question 9

If a trait is determined by multiple genes and shows continuous variation, which inheritance pattern does it follow?

Accepted Answer

Polygenic inheritance

Question 10

Which of the following best describes pleiotropy?

Accepted Answer

One gene affects multiple phenotypic characters

Question 11

In Labrador retrievers, coat color is determined by two genes, resulting in a modified $$9:3:3:1$$ ratio in the F2 generation. What genetic phenomenon does this illustrate?

Accepted Answer

Epistasis

Question 12

A woman with genotype $$I^A I^O$$ and a man with genotype $$I^B I^O$$ have a child. What are the possible blood types of their child?

Accepted Answer

A, B, or O

Question 13

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Mendel’s pea plant experiments?

Accepted Answer

Observation of blending inheritance in all traits

Question 14

If two heterozygous pea plants ($$Rr) $$are crossed, what is the probability that an offspring will be homozygous recessive?

Accepted Answer

$$\frac{1}{4}$$

Question 15

Which of the following best explains the principle of independent assortment?

Accepted Answer

Alleles for different genes segregate independently during gamete formation.

Question 16

A pedigree shows a trait that skips generations and appears equally in males and females. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?

Accepted Answer

Autosomal recessive

Question 17

Which prenatal genetic testing method involves sampling cells from the placenta and can provide results within several hours?

Accepted Answer

Chorionic villus sampling (CVS)

Question 18

Which of the following is an example of codominance?

Accepted Answer

ABO blood group alleles $$I^A$$ and $$I^B$$ both expressed

Question 19

A plant with genotype $$Pp is $$self-fertilized. What is the expected genotypic ratio among the offspring?

Accepted Answer

$$1:2:1$$

Mendel and the Gene Idea: Principles of Inheritance and Variations

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